Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real COMLEX-USA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which drug class is the first-line treatment for chronic stable angina and works by reducing myocardial oxygen demand?
Answer: Beta-blockers
Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and contractility, decreasing myocardial oxygen demand and are first-line for chronic stable angina prophylaxis.
Fluconazole treats fungal infections by inhibiting which enzyme, reducing ergosterol synthesis?
Answer: 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51)
Azole antifungals including fluconazole inhibit CYP51 (lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase), blocking ergosterol synthesis and disrupting fungal cell membranes.
A patient on isoniazid (INH) develops peripheral neuropathy. Which supplement should be given to prevent this side effect?
Answer: Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
INH inhibits pyridoxine (B6) metabolism; supplementing pyridoxine prevents INH-induced peripheral neuropathy.
The therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors in heart failure is primarily due to:
Answer: Reduction in preload and afterload via decreased angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to II, reducing vasoconstriction (afterload) and aldosterone-mediated sodium retention (preload).
Which drug used for rheumatoid arthritis inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, requiring folate supplementation?
Answer: Methotrexate
Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, impairing nucleotide synthesis; folic acid supplementation reduces mucosal and hematologic side effects.
Which vasopressor acts primarily on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors to increase SVR in septic shock?
Answer: Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine stimulates alpha-1 receptors (vasoconstriction) with modest beta-1 effects, making it the first-line vasopressor for septic shock.