Human Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Which ligament of the ankle is most commonly injured in an inversion sprain?

Answer: Anterior talofibular ligament

The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the weakest and most commonly torn ankle ligament in inversion injuries.

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvis through which opening?

Answer: Greater sciatic foramen

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, typically below the piriformis muscle, before coursing down the posterior thigh.

In closed kinetic chain mechanics, subtalar joint pronation during midstance causes which obligatory tibial motion?

Answer: Internal rotation

Subtalar pronation in a closed kinetic chain obligates tibial internal rotation due to the triplanar coupling of the oblique subtalar joint axis.

Which condition describes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine in the coronal plane, often requiring a TLSO orthosis for management?

Answer: Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine in the coronal plane; a TLSO (thoracolumbosacral orthosis) like the Boston brace is commonly used for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

The brachial plexus originates from which spinal nerve roots?

Answer: C5-T1

The brachial plexus arises from ventral rami of C5 through T1 nerve roots, supplying all motor and sensory innervation to the upper extremity.

Hallux valgus deformity primarily involves lateral deviation of which structure at the first metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer: Proximal phalanx of the great toe

Hallux valgus involves lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the hallux relative to the first metatarsal head, often with medial prominence of the metatarsal head (bunion).

Which compartment of the lower leg contains the deep peroneal nerve and anterior tibial artery, and is most susceptible to acute compartment syndrome following tibial fracture?

Answer: Anterior compartment

The anterior compartment is tightly bounded by the tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane, making it most prone to pressure buildup and compartment syndrome after tibial fractures.