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CNS Nutrition Across the Lifespan Flashcards

6 cards from real CNS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. In older adults (>70 years), the RDA for protein increases compared to younger adults. What is the currently recommended daily protein intake for healthy older adults to preserve muscle mass?

    Answer: 1.0–1.2 g/kg body weight/day

    Evidence supports 1.0–1.2 g/kg/day for older adults to counteract sarcopenia, with the standard DRI of 0.8 g/kg/day considered insufficient to maintain lean mass in aging.

  2. Which condition caused by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function significantly increases fall and fracture risk in older adults?

    Answer: Sarcopenia

    Sarcopenia (from Greek 'poverty of flesh') is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, increasing risk of falls, fractures, and functional decline.

  3. The Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) DETERMINE checklist is used to identify nutritional risk in which population?

    Answer: Older adults / elderly

    The DETERMINE checklist (Disease, Eating poorly, Tooth loss, Economic hardship, Reduced social contact, Multiple medications, Involuntary weight loss, Needs assistance, Elder years) screens older adults for malnutrition risk.

  4. Breastfed infants in the United States are routinely supplemented with 400 IU/day of which vitamin because breast milk provides insufficient amounts?

    Answer: Vitamin D

    Human breast milk contains only 12–60 IU/L of vitamin D, far below infant needs; the AAP recommends 400 IU/day supplementation beginning within the first few days of life.

  5. What is the primary cause of the reduced vitamin B12 absorption commonly seen in older adults, often requiring supplementation with crystalline B12?

    Answer: Atrophic gastritis reducing intrinsic factor and gastric acid

    Atrophic gastritis, prevalent in 10–30% of older adults, reduces gastric acid and intrinsic factor secretion, impairing protein-bound B12 digestion but sparing absorption of crystalline (free) B12.

  6. During the second trimester of pregnancy, the recommended additional energy intake above pre-pregnancy needs is approximately how many kcal/day?

    Answer: 340 kcal/day

    The IOM recommends approximately 340 extra kcal/day in the second trimester and 452 kcal/day in the third trimester above pre-pregnancy energy needs.

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