CNA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion?
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system (Correct answer)
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
Correct answer: Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions including heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular activity.
Question 2: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that primarily functions to:
- Pump blood through the heart
- Aid in digestion by churning food
- Contract and flatten to allow inhalation (Correct answer)
- Filter toxins from the blood
Correct answer: Contract and flatten to allow inhalation
When the diaphragm contracts and flattens, it increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, causing air to rush into the lungs during inhalation.
Question 3: The term 'homeostasis' refers to:
- The breakdown of food into nutrients
- The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment (Correct answer)
- The process of cell division
- The transport of oxygen in the blood
Correct answer: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
Homeostasis is the body's process of maintaining a stable, balanced internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Question 4: Which blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart?
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Arteries (Correct answer)
- Venules
Correct answer: Arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body's tissues; most arteries carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary arteries.
Question 5: The large intestine's primary role in digestion is to:
- Break down proteins with enzymes
- Absorb water and electrolytes from undigested material (Correct answer)
- Produce bile for fat digestion
- Absorb most nutrients into the bloodstream
Correct answer: Absorb water and electrolytes from undigested material
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, forming solid stool.
Question 6: Which endocrine gland produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar?
- Thyroid gland
- Adrenal gland
- Pancreas (Correct answer)
- Pituitary gland
Correct answer: Pancreas
The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce insulin (lowers blood sugar) and glucagon (raises blood sugar).
Question 7: A patient has a wound on the anterior surface of their lower leg. Where is the wound located?
- On the back of the lower leg
- On the front of the lower leg (Correct answer)
- On the outer side of the lower leg
- On the inner side of the lower leg
Correct answer: On the front of the lower leg
Anterior refers to the front surface of the body, so an anterior lower leg wound is on the front (shin) side.
CNA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 5
Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion?