Anatomy and Physiology Basics Flashcards
7 cards from real CNA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy and Physiology Basics flashcards as text
Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion?
Answer: Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions including heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular activity.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that primarily functions to:
Answer: Contract and flatten to allow inhalation
When the diaphragm contracts and flattens, it increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, causing air to rush into the lungs during inhalation.
The term 'homeostasis' refers to:
Answer: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
Homeostasis is the body's process of maintaining a stable, balanced internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Which blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart?
Answer: Arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body's tissues; most arteries carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary arteries.
The large intestine's primary role in digestion is to:
Answer: Absorb water and electrolytes from undigested material
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, forming solid stool.
Which endocrine gland produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar?
Answer: Pancreas
The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce insulin (lowers blood sugar) and glucagon (raises blood sugar).
A patient has a wound on the anterior surface of their lower leg. Where is the wound located?
Answer: On the front of the lower leg
Anterior refers to the front surface of the body, so an anterior lower leg wound is on the front (shin) side.