CMT Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Pathophysiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of synovial joints?
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage (Correct answer)
- Calcified cartilage
Correct answer: Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covers articular surfaces, providing a smooth, low-friction surface for joint movement.
Question 2: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) primarily prevents which motion at the knee?
- Posterior tibial translation
- Anterior tibial translation (Correct answer)
- Valgus stress
- Varus stress
Correct answer: Anterior tibial translation
The ACL primarily resists anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and also limits internal rotation.
Question 3: Which muscle is responsible for depression and protraction of the scapula?
- Trapezius (upper fibers)
- Serratus anterior (Correct answer)
- Rhomboid major
- Levator scapulae
Correct answer: Serratus anterior
Serratus anterior protracts and upwardly rotates the scapula while also holding it flat against the thorax.
Question 4: In osteoarthritis, the primary pathological change occurs in which tissue?
- Synovial membrane
- Subchondral bone only
- Articular cartilage (Correct answer)
- Joint capsule
Correct answer: Articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage, leading to joint space narrowing and pain.
Question 5: The rotator cuff muscle that initiates shoulder abduction by depressing the humeral head is the:
- Supraspinatus (Correct answer)
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
Correct answer: Supraspinatus
Supraspinatus initiates the first 15–30 degrees of abduction and works to depress the humeral head in the glenoid.
Question 6: Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel and is commonly compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
- Ulnar nerve
- Radial nerve
- Median nerve (Correct answer)
- Anterior interosseous nerve
Correct answer: Median nerve
The median nerve travels through the carpal tunnel and innervates the thenar muscles and lateral three-and-a-half digits.
Question 7: A Grade II ligament sprain is defined by:
- Microscopic tearing with no functional loss
- Partial tearing with some functional loss and laxity (Correct answer)
- Complete rupture with gross instability
- Periosteal avulsion at the ligament insertion
Correct answer: Partial tearing with some functional loss and laxity
A Grade II sprain involves partial tearing of ligament fibers, resulting in some functional loss, pain, swelling, and measurable but not gross laxity.
CMT Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Pathophysiology 2
Which type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of synovial joints?