Anatomy and Physiology Basics Flashcards
12 cards from real CMT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 12 Anatomy and Physiology Basics flashcards as text
Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?
Answer: Kidney
The kidneys filter blood, remove waste products, and produce urine as part of the renal system.
The trachea divides into two main branches called:
Answer: Bronchi
The trachea bifurcates at the carina into the right and left main bronchi, which enter each lung.
What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle lines the walls of blood vessels and controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
The cerebellum is primarily responsible for:
Answer: Coordinating voluntary movement and balance
The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, maintains posture, and helps with balance and equilibrium.
Which blood cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
Answer: Red blood cells
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen for transport throughout the body.
The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?
Answer: Right atrium
The SA node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the upper wall of the right atrium.
Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla during a stress response?
Answer: Epinephrine
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released by the adrenal medulla as part of the fight-or-flight response.
The peritoneum is a membrane that lines which body cavity?
Answer: Abdominal cavity
The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most abdominal organs.
Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
Answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, allow movement in all planes including rotation.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
Answer: Filtering fluid and supporting immune function
The lymphatic system returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood, filters pathogens, and houses immune cells.
The medulla oblongata controls which vital functions?
Answer: Breathing and heart rate
The medulla oblongata regulates autonomic functions including respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Which electrolyte is most important for muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission?
Answer: Calcium
Calcium is essential for triggering muscle contraction and plays a role in neurotransmitter release at nerve synapses.
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