Exploration & Production Processes Flashcards

What does 'proved developed producing' (PDP) reserves classification mean under SEC definitions?

Answer: Reserves recoverable from existing wells currently on production with current equipment

PDP reserves are the highest-confidence category, representing volumes expected from currently producing wells using existing infrastructure.

In 3D seismic acquisition, what is the purpose of 'time migration' processing?

Answer: To reposition seismic reflectors to their true subsurface locations in time domain

Time migration collapses diffractions and moves dipping reflectors to their correct time-domain positions, improving structural imaging accuracy.

Which drive mechanism in a reservoir relies on dissolved gas coming out of solution to provide the energy to push oil to the wellbore?

Answer: Solution gas drive (dissolved gas drive)

Solution gas drive liberates dissolved gas as reservoir pressure drops below bubble point, and expanding gas bubbles drive oil toward producing wells.

What is the significance of the 'dew point' pressure in a gas condensate reservoir?

Answer: Pressure below which liquid hydrocarbons condense from the gas phase in the reservoir

Below dew point pressure, retrograde condensation occurs — liquid hydrocarbons drop out in the reservoir pore space, often becoming unrecoverable.

Which technique uses variations in Earth's gravitational field to map subsurface density contrasts, helpful in identifying salt bodies or basement features?

Answer: Gravity survey

Gravity surveys measure gravitational acceleration differences caused by density variations — salt (low density) and basement rocks create characteristic anomalies.

In the context of gas lift artificial lift, what is the function of the gas lift mandrel and valve?

Answer: To inject high-pressure gas into the tubing at depth, reducing fluid density and enabling lift

Gas lift valves allow injection of compressed gas at a precise depth, aerating the produced fluid column to reduce hydrostatic pressure and increase production.

What regulatory requirement under BOEM governs exploration activities on the US Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)?

Answer: An Exploration Plan (EP) submitted to and approved by BOEM before drilling

BOEM requires operators to submit and receive approval of an Exploration Plan detailing drilling, environmental, and safety information before OCS exploration drilling.