Exploration & Production Processes Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Exploration & Production Processes flashcards as text
Which drilling fluid system is most commonly used in shale formations to prevent wellbore instability?
Answer: Oil-based mud or synthetic-based mud
Oil-based or synthetic-based muds inhibit clay swelling and maintain shale stability better than water-based systems.
What is the primary purpose of a casing shoe test (LOT/FIT) conducted after drilling out new casing?
Answer: To determine formation fracture gradient at the casing shoe
The Leak-Off Test establishes the maximum mud weight window and verifies the formation can support planned drilling pressures.
In reservoir engineering, what does the term 'skin factor' indicate when it is a positive number?
Answer: Damage near the wellbore reducing flow capacity
A positive skin factor indicates near-wellbore damage (e.g., from mud filtrate invasion or scale) that restricts flow.
Which seismic attribute is most useful for directly detecting hydrocarbons by identifying amplitude anomalies?
Answer: Amplitude versus offset (AVO)
AVO analysis exploits how seismic amplitude changes with source-receiver offset to identify gas-charged or fluid-saturated sands.
What is the main advantage of horizontal drilling compared to vertical drilling in tight or shale reservoirs?
Answer: Greater reservoir contact length enabling economic production
Horizontal laterals expose hundreds to thousands of feet of pay zone, dramatically increasing drainage area and production rates.
Which well control method involves closing the blowout preventers and circulating out a kick while maintaining bottom-hole pressure constant?
Answer: Wait-and-weight method (engineer's method)
The Wait-and-Weight (Engineer's) method weights mud to kill weight in one circulation, maintaining constant bottom-hole pressure.
In production logging, what does a spinner flowmeter primarily measure?
Answer: Fluid velocity or flow rate in the wellbore
A spinner flowmeter measures the rate and direction of fluid flow inside the wellbore by recording spinner rotation speed.
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