Management and Organizational Behavior Flashcards

Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is at the highest level?

Answer: Self-actualization

Maslow's hierarchy places self-actualization at the top, representing the realization of one's full potential.

What is 'Theory X and Theory Y' in management?

Answer: Douglas McGregor's theory about managers' assumptions about employee motivation

Douglas McGregor's Theory X assumes employees dislike work; Theory Y assumes they are self-motivated and seek responsibility.

What does 'span of control' refer to in organizational design?

Answer: The number of subordinates a manager directly supervises

Span of control refers to the number of direct reports or subordinates a single manager oversees.

In project management, what does a Gantt chart represent?

Answer: A visual timeline of project tasks and their scheduled durations

A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart showing project tasks, their durations, and timing across a timeline.

What is 'matrix organizational structure'?

Answer: An organization where employees report to both functional and project managers

In a matrix structure, employees have dual reporting relationships — to both a functional manager and a project manager.

What is 'management by objectives' (MBO)?

Answer: A process where managers and employees jointly set goals and measure performance against them

MBO, introduced by Peter Drucker, aligns organizational goals with individual performance by involving employees in goal-setting.