CMA Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the term for the lower uterine segment that thins and stretches during late pregnancy?
- Fundus
- Isthmus (Correct answer)
- Cervical os
- Fornix
Correct answer: Isthmus
The isthmus, also called the lower uterine segment, stretches and thins as the fetus descends toward term.
Question 2: Which pelvic type is considered most favorable for vaginal birth?
- Android
- Platypelloid
- Anthropoid
- Gynecoid (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Gynecoid
The gynecoid pelvis has a rounded inlet and wide sub-pubic arch, making it the most favorable for vaginal delivery.
Question 3: The amniotic fluid is primarily produced by which source after the first trimester?
- Maternal plasma filtration only
- Fetal urine (Correct answer)
- Placental secretions
- Chorionic villi
Correct answer: Fetal urine
After the first trimester, fetal urine becomes the primary source of amniotic fluid, with fetal swallowing maintaining balance.
Question 4: Which ligament provides the primary support to the uterus by anchoring it to the lateral pelvic wall?
- Round ligament
- Broad ligament
- Cardinal (Mackenrodt's) ligament (Correct answer)
- Uterosacral ligament
Correct answer: Cardinal (Mackenrodt's) ligament
The cardinal (Mackenrodt's) ligament is the main structural support of the uterus, connecting it to the lateral pelvic walls.
Question 5: Normal amniotic fluid volume at term is approximately:
- 200–400 mL
- 500–800 mL
- 800–1200 mL (Correct answer)
- 1500–2000 mL
Correct answer: 800–1200 mL
Normal amniotic fluid volume at 36–38 weeks gestation is approximately 800–1200 mL; values outside this range indicate oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios.
Question 6: The Wharton's jelly found in the umbilical cord serves which purpose?
- Carries oxygen to the fetus
- Protects umbilical vessels from compression (Correct answer)
- Produces fetal hormones
- Filters maternal blood
Correct answer: Protects umbilical vessels from compression
Wharton's jelly is a gelatinous connective tissue that cushions and protects the umbilical cord vessels from compression.
CMA Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology 2
What is the term for the lower uterine segment that thins and stretches during late pregnancy?