CLT Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2

Question 1

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the alveoli of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer

Simple squamous epithelium forms the thin walls of alveoli, minimizing diffusion distance for O2 and CO2 exchange.

Question 2

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Answer

The SA node is embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating serum calcium levels by promoting bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

PTH stimulates osteoclast activity and renal calcium reabsorption to raise blood calcium when levels fall.

Question 4

What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and urine formation?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney, encompassing the glomerulus, tubules, and collecting duct.

Question 5

Which leukocyte type is the predominant cell in acute bacterial infections and constitutes 50–70% of circulating white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes and serve as the primary responders to bacterial infections via phagocytosis.

(CLT) Clinical Laboratory Technologist Certification Practice Test