CLS Pediatric Lipid Disorders 3

Question 1

Which secondary cause of hyperlipidemia is most common in overweight adolescents presenting with elevated triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome

Answer

Insulin resistance associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome is the leading secondary cause of hypertriglyceridemia in adolescents.

Question 2

A 7-year-old with type 1 diabetes presents with lipemia retinalis and TG of 2,800 mg/dL. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency

Answer

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency causes severe chylomicronemia with massively elevated triglycerides, often presenting in childhood.

Question 3

Which dietary modification is most critical in managing a child with lipoprotein lipase deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating dietary fat to <10-15% of calories

Answer

Severe restriction of total dietary fat to less than 10-15% of calories is the cornerstone of therapy for LPL deficiency.

Question 4

Which condition should be excluded before initiating statin therapy in a hypercholesterolemic child due to the risk of myopathy?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Untreated hypothyroidism increases the risk of statin-induced myopathy and can itself cause secondary hypercholesterolemia.

Question 5

In a child with nephrotic syndrome, which lipid abnormality is most characteristically elevated?

Accepted Answer

LDL-C and VLDL

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome causes hepatic overproduction of VLDL and decreased LDL catabolism, markedly elevating LDL-C and VLDL.

(CLS) Clinical Lipid Specialist Certification Practice Test