Secondary Causes of Dyslipidemia Flashcards

Which thyroid condition is most commonly associated with elevated LDL-C due to decreased LDL receptor expression?

Answer: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism reduces LDL receptor activity, leading to impaired LDL clearance and elevated LDL-C levels.

A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops hyperlipidemia primarily due to which mechanism?

Answer: Compensatory hepatic lipoprotein overproduction due to low oncotic pressure

Nephrotic syndrome causes hepatic overproduction of VLDL and LDL in response to the low oncotic pressure from protein loss.

Which medication class used for HIV treatment is most strongly linked to hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance?

Answer: Older protease inhibitors

Older HIV protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir, lopinavir) significantly inhibit lipid metabolism, causing hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance.

Cushing's syndrome causes dyslipidemia primarily through which mechanism?

Answer: Cortisol-driven insulin resistance and central adiposity

Excess cortisol promotes insulin resistance and central obesity, leading to elevated triglycerides, low HDL-C, and often elevated LDL-C.

A patient on chronic hemodialysis is most likely to exhibit which lipid abnormality pattern?

Answer: Hypertriglyceridemia with low HDL-C

End-stage renal disease is associated with impaired lipoprotein lipase activity, leading to hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C.

Which class of antihypertensive agents is most associated with raising triglycerides and lowering HDL-C?

Answer: Non-selective beta-blockers

Non-selective beta-blockers can raise triglycerides by 20–50% and lower HDL-C through reduced lipoprotein lipase activity.

Obstructive liver disease such as primary biliary cholangitis most characteristically causes elevation of which lipoprotein?

Answer: Lipoprotein X

Obstructive liver disease leads to accumulation of Lipoprotein X, an abnormal LP particle rich in unesterified cholesterol and phospholipids.