CLEP Biology Animal Behavior and Reproduction Flashcards
6 cards from real CLEP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 CLEP Biology Animal Behavior and Reproduction flashcards as text
Gastrulation during animal embryonic development produces:
Answer: The three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Gastrulation transforms the blastula into a gastrula through coordinated cell movements, establishing the three primary germ layers from which all tissues and organs develop.
Neural crest cells, which migrate away from the developing neural tube, give rise to which structures?
Answer: Peripheral nervous system, facial bones, and adrenal medulla
Neural crest cells are multipotent migratory cells that form peripheral neurons, craniofacial skeletal structures, melanocytes, and the adrenal medulla, among other tissues.
Embryonic induction refers to which developmental process?
Answer: One tissue group signaling to alter the developmental fate of adjacent cells
Induction occurs when signaling molecules secreted by one cell group change the gene expression and developmental trajectory of neighboring cells, as when the notochord induces neural tube formation.
Complete metamorphosis (holometabolism) in insects follows which sequence of developmental stages?
Answer: Egg → larva → pupa → adult
Holometabolous insects like butterflies, beetles, and flies undergo four distinct stages — egg, larva, pupa, and adult — each adapted for specific ecological roles.
Apoptosis during embryonic development is functionally important because it:
Answer: Eliminates unneeded or harmful cells to sculpt tissues and organs
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) sculpts tissues during development — for example, removing interdigital webbing to separate fingers and eliminating excess neurons that fail to connect properly.
The anterior-posterior body axis in Drosophila embryos is primarily established by:
Answer: Maternal effect genes like bicoid and nanos that form protein concentration gradients
Maternal effect genes like bicoid (high anteriorly) and nanos (high posteriorly) create opposing protein gradients in the egg that specify positional identity along the anterior-posterior axis.