CLEP - Biology Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes a key difference between the Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

The Krebs cycle is a catabolic pathway that produces ATP, while the Calvin cycle is an anabolic pathway that consumes ATP.

Answer

The Krebs cycle occurs in the chloroplast stroma, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer

The Krebs cycle is the final stage of photosynthesis, while the Calvin cycle is the first stage of cellular respiration.

Answer

The Krebs cycle utilizes carbon dioxide to produce glucose, while the Calvin cycle breaks down glucose to release carbon dioxide.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that has been treated with a chemical that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons (H+). Which of the following cellular processes would be most directly and severely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

The Krebs Cycle

Answer

The Calvin Cycle

Question 3

In the overall process of photosynthesis, the oxygen (O2) released comes from which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water (H2O)

Answer

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer

Glucose (C6H12O6)

Answer

ATP

Question 4

Which of the following statements accurately compares the electron transport chains (ETCs) in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Both processes use the ETC to pump protons and generate a chemiosmotic gradient for ATP synthesis.

Answer

Both ETCs are located in the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer

In both processes, the final electron acceptor is oxygen.

Answer

Photosynthesis uses the ETC to break down glucose, while cellular respiration uses it to build glucose.

Question 5

The primary function of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) in photosynthesis is to:

Accepted Answer

Use ATP and NADPH to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide.

Answer

Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy.

Answer

Split water molecules to release oxygen.

Answer

Break down glucose to produce ATP.

Question 6

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell and functions in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Krebs Cycle

Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Answer

Glycolysis