Logical Reasoning & Quantitative Techniques Flashcards

In a family, P is the brother of Q. Q is the mother of R. S is the father of R. How is P related to S?

Answer: Brother-in-law

P is Q's brother; Q is married to S (parents of R); therefore P is S's brother-in-law.

Directions: Read and choose. 'Judicial activism occurs when courts interpret laws broadly to advance social justice.' Which statement best critiques this?

Answer: Broad interpretation may overstep judicial authority into legislative domain.

The strongest critique is that broad interpretation risks usurping the legislature's law-making role, violating separation of powers.

If SOME lawyers are judges and ALL judges are public servants, which must be true?

Answer: Some lawyers are public servants.

The lawyers who are also judges must be public servants (since all judges are public servants), so at least some lawyers are public servants.

The average of 5 numbers is 20. If one number is excluded, the average drops to 15. What is the excluded number?

Answer: 40

Total of 5 numbers = 100; total of remaining 4 = 60; excluded number = 100 − 60 = 40.

Which of the following is an example of the 'slippery slope' fallacy?

Answer: If we allow assisted dying, soon we will allow killing anyone inconvenient.

Claiming one action inevitably leads to an extreme, unrelated consequence without evidence is the slippery slope fallacy.

A clock shows 3:15. What is the angle between the hour and minute hands?

Answer: 7.5°

At 3:15, the minute hand is at 90° and the hour hand is at 90° + 15×0.5° = 97.5°; the difference is 7.5°.

Passage: 'Legal positivism holds that law is a social fact, not a moral judgment.' A legal positivist would most likely argue:

Answer: A law is valid if it was enacted through proper procedure, regardless of its moral content.

Legal positivism separates law's validity from its moral content, holding that proper enactment determines legal validity.