Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Fill in the blank: 'The lawyer's argument was so ______ that even the judge was convinced.'

Frivolous
Ambiguous
Cogent (Correct answer)
Incoherent

Correct answer: Cogent

Cogent means clear, logical, and convincing, making it the appropriate choice.

Question 2: The 'One Sun, One World, One Grid' initiative promoted by India aims to achieve what?

Develop a common carbon trading market
Create an interconnected solar energy grid across continents (Correct answer)
Establish a global nuclear energy grid
Build a unified satellite communications network

Correct answer: Create an interconnected solar energy grid across continents

This initiative proposes a global solar power grid that would allow countries to share solar energy across time zones, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Question 3: Which concept requires CLAT professionals to avoid conflicts of interest?

Objectivity and impartiality (Correct answer)
Continuing education
Time management
Competence

Correct answer: Objectivity and impartiality

Objectivity and impartiality require professionals to identify and avoid situations where personal interests could compromise professional judgment.

Question 4: A person invests ₹10,000 at 10% simple interest per annum. After how many years will the total amount be ₹15,000?

5 years (Correct answer)
6 years
4 years
3 years

Correct answer: 5 years

Interest needed = ₹5,000; using SI = P×R×T/100, T = 5000×100/(10000×10) = 5 years.

Question 5: When facing an ethical dilemma in CLAT practice, what is the recommended first step?

Ask colleagues to decide
Avoid making any decision
Identify the relevant ethical principles and stakeholders (Correct answer)
Follow personal preferences

Correct answer: Identify the relevant ethical principles and stakeholders

Identifying the relevant ethical principles and all affected stakeholders provides a framework for systematic ethical analysis.

Question 6: Statement: 'No evidence of corruption was found.' Conclusion: 'The official is honest.'

The conclusion follows.
The conclusion follows because the investigation was thorough.
The conclusion follows because officials are presumed innocent.
The conclusion does not follow because absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The conclusion does not follow because absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.

Logically, failing to find evidence of corruption does not prove honesty; it only means corruption was not detected.

Question 7: In a family, P is the brother of Q. Q is the mother of R. S is the father of R. How is P related to S?

Father-in-law
Brother
Son-in-law
Brother-in-law (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Brother-in-law

P is Q's brother; Q is married to S (parents of R); therefore P is S's brother-in-law.

Question 8: Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Right to Constitutional Remedies?

Article 44
Article 19
Article 21
Article 32 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Article 32

Article 32 guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights, called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar.

Question 9: The G20 Summit in 2023 was hosted by which country?

Indonesia
India (Correct answer)
South Africa
Brazil

Correct answer: India

India hosted the G20 Summit in New Delhi in September 2023 under the theme 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.'

Question 10: Read: 'The statute's language was so prolix that counsel struggled to extract a clear rule.' 'Prolix' means:

Excessively long and wordy (Correct answer)
Concise
Ambiguous
Technical

Correct answer: Excessively long and wordy

Prolix describes writing or speech that is tediously lengthy and uses far more words than necessary.

Question 11: Which of the following is an example of the 'slippery slope' fallacy?

The accused is guilty because three witnesses testified.
If we allow assisted dying, soon we will allow killing anyone inconvenient. (Correct answer)
The law is unjust because it was passed without debate.
The judge ruled in favor because the law was clear.

Correct answer: If we allow assisted dying, soon we will allow killing anyone inconvenient.

Claiming one action inevitably leads to an extreme, unrelated consequence without evidence is the slippery slope fallacy.

Question 12: What is the primary purpose of a code of ethics in CLAT practice?

To increase certification fees
To restrict professional freedom
To complicate decision-making
To guide professional conduct and protect the public (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To guide professional conduct and protect the public

A code of ethics provides guidance for professional conduct while protecting the public from unethical practices.

Question 13: Which pattern of reasoning best describes: 'In all observed cases, contracts signed under duress were held voidable. Therefore, contracts signed under duress are always voidable.'

Inductive reasoning (Correct answer)
Analogical reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning

Correct answer: Inductive reasoning

Drawing a general rule from repeated specific observations is inductive reasoning.

Question 14: Find the next letter: A, C, F, J, O, __

V (Correct answer)
T
U
W

Correct answer: V

This is an alphabetical series where the gap between consecutive letters increases by one each time. A (+2 letters) C (+3 letters) F (+4 letters) J (+5 letters) O. Following this pattern, the next gap should be +6 letters. Counting 6 letters after O (P, Q, R, S, T, U), the next letter in the series is V.

Question 15: Which is the capital of Kazakhstan?

Astana (Correct answer)
Almaty
Bishkek
Tashkent

Correct answer: Astana

Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. It was renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019 but reverted to its original name, Astana, in 2022. Almaty was the former capital, while Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and Bishkek is the capital of Kyrgyzstan.

Question 16: When conducting a risk assessment for CLAT operations, which factor should receive the HIGHEST priority?

Probability and severity of potential harm (Correct answer)
Convenience for daily operations
Time required for safety training
Cost of implementing safety measures

Correct answer: Probability and severity of potential harm

The probability and severity of potential harm are the primary factors in risk assessment. While cost and convenience are considerations, they should never override the assessment of how likely an incident is and how severe its consequences could be.

Question 17: What is the proper course of action when an CLAT professional witnesses unethical behavior by a colleague?

Report through established channels (Correct answer)
Post about it on social media
Confront the colleague publicly
Ignore it to maintain relationships

Correct answer: Report through established channels

Reporting unethical behavior through established channels ensures proper investigation while maintaining professional conduct.

Question 18: Identify the figure of speech in: 'The wind whispered through the trees.'

Personification (Correct answer)
Oxymoron
Simile
Hyperbole

Correct answer: Personification

Attributing the human action of whispering to the wind is personification.

Question 19: Cause: The Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling expanding the right to privacy. Which is the most likely direct effect?

The government dissolves its intelligence agencies.
Citizens stop using social media.
Several pending surveillance-related cases are reconsidered by lower courts. (Correct answer)
Parliament immediately amends the Constitution.

Correct answer: Several pending surveillance-related cases are reconsidered by lower courts.

A Supreme Court ruling on privacy directly creates precedent that prompts lower courts to revisit related pending cases.

Question 20: Which concept requires CLAT professionals to avoid conflicts of interest?

Time management
Objectivity and impartiality (Correct answer)
Competence
Continuing education

Correct answer: Objectivity and impartiality

Objectivity and impartiality require professionals to identify and avoid situations where personal interests could compromise professional judgment.

Question 21: In CLAT practice, what is the best approach to quality improvement in critical thinking?

Copy what other organizations do without analysis
Use data-driven methods with measurable outcomes (Correct answer)
Make changes without measuring results
Wait for problems to occur before acting

Correct answer: Use data-driven methods with measurable outcomes

Data-driven quality improvement with measurable outcomes ensures that changes actually produce the intended improvements and can be verified.

Question 22: The rule in Rylands v Fletcher imposes strict liability when:

A defendant brings onto land a non-natural thing likely to do mischief if it escapes, and it escapes (Correct answer)
A defendant intentionally releases a substance that harms neighbors
A defendant negligently allows a dangerous thing to escape and cause harm
An employer fails to maintain safe working conditions

Correct answer: A defendant brings onto land a non-natural thing likely to do mischief if it escapes, and it escapes

Rylands v Fletcher established strict liability for non-natural use of land where a dangerous thing escapes and causes foreseeable damage, regardless of negligence.

Question 23: Which international body oversees the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?

World Trade Organization
NATO
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (Correct answer)
United Nations Security Council

Correct answer: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

The IAEA is responsible for verifying compliance with the NPT through inspections and safeguards agreements.

Question 24: A box contains 5 red, 3 blue, and 2 green balls. What is the probability of picking a red?

1/2 (Correct answer)
1/3
1/4
3/10

Correct answer: 1/2

To find the probability of picking a red ball, we divide the number of red balls by the total number of balls. There are 5 red balls and a total of 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 balls. Therefore, the probability is 5/10, which simplifies to 1/2.

Question 25: Which risk management approach is MOST effective for CLAT professionals when evaluating potential workplace hazards?

Relying solely on historical accident data
Proactive hazard identification and assessment (Correct answer)
Delegating all safety decisions to management
Reactive analysis after incidents occur

Correct answer: Proactive hazard identification and assessment

Proactive hazard identification and assessment allows professionals to identify and mitigate risks before incidents occur, which is far more effective than reactive approaches that only address problems after they happen.

Question 26: When facing an ethical dilemma in CLAT practice, what is the recommended first step?

Ask colleagues to decide
Follow personal preferences
Avoid making any decision
Identify the relevant ethical principles and stakeholders (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Identify the relevant ethical principles and stakeholders

Identifying the relevant ethical principles and all affected stakeholders provides a framework for systematic ethical analysis.

Question 27: The 'Ease of Doing Business' index is published by which organization?

World Bank (Correct answer)
World Economic Forum
International Monetary Fund
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Correct answer: World Bank

The World Bank's Doing Business report ranks countries on Ease of Doing Business across parameters like starting a business, obtaining credit, and enforcing contracts.

Question 28: The concept of 'Blue Economy' primarily refers to which sector?

Digital financial technology
Sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth (Correct answer)
Outer space resource extraction
Clean water supply management

Correct answer: Sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth

The Blue Economy refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and preservation of ocean ecosystem health.

Question 29: Passage: 'The legislature must balance individual freedoms against collective security.' Which inference is valid?

There may be tension between individual freedoms and collective security. (Correct answer)
Collective security is more important than individual freedoms.
The legislature always prioritizes security.
Individual freedoms are always sacrificed for security.

Correct answer: There may be tension between individual freedoms and collective security.

The word 'balance' implies a tension or trade-off exists between the two, making option C the valid inference.

Question 30: Choose the sentence with correct subject-verb agreement.

A number of witnesses have testified.
The number of witnesses has increased. (Correct answer)
The number of witnesses have increased.
A number of witnesses has testified.

Correct answer: The number of witnesses has increased.

'The number' takes a singular verb ('has'), while 'a number' takes a plural verb ('have').

Question 31: Find the missing number in the series: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, __

44
36
42 (Correct answer)
40

Correct answer: 42

The differences are 4, 6, 8, 10, 12; adding 12 to 30 gives 42.

Question 32: In the CLAT field, what does the duty of competence require?

Maintaining current knowledge and skills within one's scope (Correct answer)
Avoiding difficult cases
Working beyond one's training
Knowing everything

Correct answer: Maintaining current knowledge and skills within one's scope

The duty of competence requires practitioners to maintain current knowledge and skills, and to work within the boundaries of their training and expertise.

Question 33: Statements: All laws are rules. Some rules are guidelines. Conclusion I: Some laws are guidelines. Conclusion II: All guidelines are laws.

Only I follows.
Both I and II follow.
Only II follows.
Neither I nor II follows. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Neither I nor II follows.

We cannot determine whether the laws that are also rules overlap with the rules that are guidelines, so neither conclusion necessarily follows.

Question 34: Which country is the largest producer of coffee in the world?

Vietnam
Colombia
Brazil (Correct answer)
Ethiopia

Correct answer: Brazil

Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, accounting for approximately one-third of global coffee output.

Question 35: Which Supreme Court case established guidelines against sexual harassment at the workplace in India before legislation was enacted?

Mary Roy v. State of Kerala
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India
Shayara Bano v. Union of India
Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan

In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), the Supreme Court laid down binding guidelines on sexual harassment at the workplace, which later formed the basis for the POSH Act, 2013.

Question 36: A CLAT certified professional is asked to provide services outside their scope of competence. The CORRECT ethical response is to:

Accept the work to gain new experience
Decline and refer to a qualified professional (Correct answer)
Accept but charge a lower rate
Accept and learn as they go

Correct answer: Decline and refer to a qualified professional

Ethical practice requires professionals to work within their scope of competence. Accepting work beyond one's qualifications can lead to substandard results and potential harm. Referring to qualified professionals ensures proper service delivery.

Question 37: Which space mission successfully landed the Vikram lander near the lunar south pole in 2023?

Chandrayaan-2
Chandrayaan-1
Aditya-L1
Chandrayaan-3 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander made India the first country to soft-land near the Moon's south pole on August 23, 2023.

Question 38: The average of 5 numbers is 20. If one number is excluded, the average drops to 15. What is the excluded number?

40 (Correct answer)
50
45
35

Correct answer: 40

Total of 5 numbers = 100; total of remaining 4 = 60; excluded number = 100 − 60 = 40.

Question 39: The National Investigation Agency (NIA) in India was established following which terrorist attack?

2016 Pathankot attack
2006 Mumbai train bombings
2001 Parliament attack
2008 Mumbai attacks (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2008 Mumbai attacks

The NIA was established by the NIA Act of 2008 in response to the 26/11 Mumbai attacks to investigate terrorism-related offenses at the national level.

Question 40: When a CLAT professional faces pressure to compromise professional standards, the BEST response is to:

Comply to maintain workplace relationships
Immediately resign from the position
Document the pressure and uphold professional standards (Correct answer)
Ignore the pressure and continue without reporting

Correct answer: Document the pressure and uphold professional standards

Professionals should document any pressure to compromise standards and continue upholding their professional obligations. Documentation creates a record of the situation while maintaining ethical integrity.

Question 41: What is the PRIMARY ethical obligation of a certified Common Law Admission Test professional regarding confidential information?

Use it to advance career opportunities
Protect it from unauthorized disclosure at all times (Correct answer)
Share it with colleagues who might benefit
Discuss it informally during professional networking

Correct answer: Protect it from unauthorized disclosure at all times

Confidentiality is a fundamental ethical obligation. Certified professionals must protect confidential information from unauthorized disclosure, regardless of circumstances. Breach of confidentiality can result in loss of certification and legal liability.

Question 42: Choose the correctly spelled word.

Accommodtion
Accommodation (Correct answer)
Accomodation
Acommodation

Correct answer: Accommodation

'Accommodation' has double 'c' and double 'm'; it is a commonly misspelled word.

Question 43: Which Indian state has the highest literacy rate?

Punjab
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Kerala (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Kerala

Kerala consistently holds the distinction of having the highest literacy rate among Indian states. This achievement is largely due to its sustained focus on education, widespread access to schools, and effective social welfare programs that promote learning across all demographics. The state's commitment to education has resulted in a highly literate population.

Question 44: Which principle of international law holds that a state cannot invoke domestic law to justify a failure to perform an international obligation?

Pacta sunt servanda (Correct answer)
Erga omnes
Rebus sic stantibus
Jus cogens

Correct answer: Pacta sunt servanda

Pacta sunt servanda, meaning 'agreements must be kept,' is codified in Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and prohibits using domestic law as an excuse for non-performance.

Question 45: In tort law, 'negligence' is defined as:

Malice
Intentional harm
Lack of due care (Correct answer)
Strict liability

Correct answer: Lack of due care

In tort law, negligence is defined as the failure to exercise the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in similar circumstances. It involves a breach of a duty of care owed to another, resulting in harm, without necessarily requiring intentional malice. This lack of due care distinguishes it from intentional torts.

Question 46: Which concept requires CLAT professionals to avoid conflicts of interest?

Objectivity and impartiality (Correct answer)
Continuing education
Competence
Time management

Correct answer: Objectivity and impartiality

Objectivity and impartiality require professionals to identify and avoid situations where personal interests could compromise professional judgment.

Question 47: Which statement BEST describes the relationship between Common Law Admission Test certification requirements and industry evolution?

Requirements evolve periodically to reflect advances in knowledge, technology, and practice standards (Correct answer)
Certification requirements never change once established
Requirements become less stringent over time
Changes only occur when government mandates new requirements

Correct answer: Requirements evolve periodically to reflect advances in knowledge, technology, and practice standards

Certification requirements evolve to keep pace with advances in professional knowledge, technological developments, and changes in practice standards. This ensures that certified professionals remain current and competent in a changing professional landscape.

Question 48: A passage states: 'The proliferation of social media has paradoxically led to greater social isolation.' What does 'paradoxically' mean here?

In a way that seems contradictory but may be true (Correct answer)
Gradually
Deliberately
Expectedly

Correct answer: In a way that seems contradictory but may be true

Paradoxically describes a situation that appears self-contradictory yet may contain truth.

Question 49: Choose the word closest in meaning to 'LACONIC'.

Verbose
Emotional
Brief (Correct answer)
Ambiguous

Correct answer: Brief

Laconic means using very few words; brief or terse in expression.

Question 50: If 5x = 40, then x = ?

9
8 (Correct answer)
6
7

Correct answer: 8

The equation given is 5x = 40. To solve for x, we need to isolate x by dividing both sides of the equation by 5. Dividing 40 by 5 gives 8. Therefore, x = 8.

Question 51: What is the key to effective cross-functional communication in CLAT environments?

Adapting language and context for different audiences (Correct answer)
Avoiding all technical details
Communicating only in writing
Using department-specific jargon

Correct answer: Adapting language and context for different audiences

Adapting language and providing appropriate context for different audiences ensures effective communication across functional boundaries.

Question 52: Choose the correct preposition: 'The defendant was charged ______ fraud.'

by
for
of
with (Correct answer)

Correct answer: with

In legal English, the correct collocation is 'charged with' an offence.

Question 53: What is the maximum duration for which the President's Rule can be imposed in an Indian state?

3 years (Correct answer)
6 months
1 year
2 years

Correct answer: 3 years

Under Article 356, President's Rule can be extended beyond one year up to a maximum of three years, subject to Parliamentary approval every six months after the first year.

Question 54: If SOME lawyers are judges and ALL judges are public servants, which must be true?

Some lawyers are public servants. (Correct answer)
No lawyer is a public servant.
All public servants are judges.
All lawyers are public servants.

Correct answer: Some lawyers are public servants.

The lawyers who are also judges must be public servants (since all judges are public servants), so at least some lawyers are public servants.

Question 55: What is the purpose of active listening in CLAT professional interactions?

To memorize every word
To wait for your turn to speak
To appear polite
To fully understand the speaker's message and respond appropriately (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To fully understand the speaker's message and respond appropriately

Active listening involves fully concentrating on the speaker's message to understand it completely before formulating an appropriate response.

Question 56: What does the abbreviation 'TRIPS' stand for in international trade law?

Treaty on Regional Integrated Property Standards
Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights System
Transnational Rights on Intellectual Property Standards
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) is a WTO agreement setting minimum standards for intellectual property protection among member nations.

Question 57: What is the MOST effective way for new CLAT professionals to build competency in their field?

Studying certification materials exclusively
Learning entirely through trial and error
Combining formal education, mentored practice, and ongoing professional development (Correct answer)
Focusing solely on the most advanced topics

Correct answer: Combining formal education, mentored practice, and ongoing professional development

Building professional competency requires a multi-faceted approach: formal education provides foundational knowledge, mentored practice develops applied skills under guidance, and ongoing professional development ensures continuous growth and currency in the field.

Question 58: What is the primary purpose of a code of ethics in CLAT practice?

To guide professional conduct and protect the public (Correct answer)
To increase certification fees
To restrict professional freedom
To complicate decision-making

Correct answer: To guide professional conduct and protect the public

A code of ethics provides guidance for professional conduct while protecting the public from unethical practices.

Question 59: Choose the correct reported speech: He said, 'I am tired.'

He said that he were tired.
He said he is tired.
He said that he was tired. (Correct answer)
He said that he tired.

Correct answer: He said that he was tired.

When converting direct speech to reported speech, the tense typically shifts back. The present tense 'am' in 'I am tired' changes to the past tense 'was' in reported speech. Additionally, the pronoun 'I' changes to 'he' to reflect the speaker, and 'that' is often used to introduce the reported clause.

Question 60: The 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) doctrine in international law was adopted at which UN summit?

2015 Sustainable Development Summit
2005 World Summit (Correct answer)
2000 Millennium Summit
2009 Copenhagen Climate Summit

Correct answer: 2005 World Summit

R2P was unanimously adopted at the 2005 UN World Summit, establishing the international community's responsibility to intervene when a state fails to protect its population from genocide and mass atrocities.

Question 61: What is the correct spelling?

Acommodation
Accomodation
Acomodation
Accommodation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Accommodation

The correct spelling of the word is 'Accommodation'. It is a common source of error due to the presence of both double 'c' and double 'm'. Remembering this pattern (A-C-C-O-M-M-O-D-A-T-I-O-N) helps in accurate spelling.

Question 62: Which element is essential in a well-written CLAT professional report?

Personal opinions without evidence
Objective findings supported by data (Correct answer)
Emotional language
Ambiguous conclusions

Correct answer: Objective findings supported by data

Professional reports require objective findings supported by verifiable data to maintain credibility and support sound decision-making.

Question 63: A passage states: 'Eyewitness testimony is often unreliable due to memory distortions.' Which conclusion is best supported?

Courts should never admit eyewitness testimony.
Memory distortions occur only under stress.
Eyewitness testimony should be corroborated with additional evidence before being relied upon. (Correct answer)
All eyewitnesses are liars.

Correct answer: Eyewitness testimony should be corroborated with additional evidence before being relied upon.

The passage supports caution about eyewitness testimony, suggesting corroboration is prudent, not that it should be categorically excluded.

Question 64: Which word best completes the sentence: 'He is known ___ his honesty.'

on
about
for (Correct answer)
with

Correct answer: for

The correct preposition to complete the phrase 'known ___ his honesty' is 'for'. The phrasal verb 'known for' indicates the specific quality, characteristic, or reason for which someone or something is recognized or famous. In this context, his honesty is the attribute for which he is distinguished.

Question 65: Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?

The court delivered the verdict.
The judge who delivered the verdict was fair.
Delivering the verdict, the judge paused.
The verdict was delivered by the court. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The verdict was delivered by the court.

In passive voice, the subject ('verdict') receives the action, formed with 'was + past participle'.

Question 66: Under Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act, a contract becomes void when:

Its performance becomes impossible or unlawful after it is made (Correct answer)
There is no written evidence of the agreement
The contract is oral and unwitnessed
One party refuses to perform before the due date

Correct answer: Its performance becomes impossible or unlawful after it is made

Section 56 embodies the doctrine of frustration — a contract is void if its performance becomes impossible or unlawful due to a subsequent event beyond the parties' control.

Question 67: Principle: Where two or more persons agree to do an illegal act or a legal act by illegal means, they are liable for criminal conspiracy. Fact: Ankur and Biru agree to forge a government document but Ankur withdraws before any forgery is committed. Biru alone proceeds and commits the forgery. Is Ankur liable for conspiracy?

No, because Ankur withdrew before the overt act
Yes, but only if the prosecution proves Ankur knew of the forgery
Yes, because the agreement itself constitutes the conspiracy (Correct answer)
No, because Ankur did not physically participate in the forgery

Correct answer: Yes, because the agreement itself constitutes the conspiracy

Under Section 120A IPC, criminal conspiracy is complete upon the agreement to commit an illegal act; withdrawal before the overt act does not negate initial liability for the conspiracy.

Question 68: Which is a valid conclusion: All lawyers are professionals. John is a lawyer.

John is an engineer
John is a professional (Correct answer)
John is unemployed
John is not a professional

Correct answer: John is a professional

This is a classic example of a deductive syllogism. The first premise states that "All lawyers are professionals." The second premise states that "John is a lawyer." Based on these two premises, it logically follows that John must also be a professional, as he belongs to the category of lawyers.

Question 69: Which of the following best describes 'consideration' under Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act?

Something done, abstained from, or promised at the promisor's desire (Correct answer)
The legal capacity of the parties to contract
A monetary payment made at the time of contract
A written acknowledgment of the contract's terms

Correct answer: Something done, abstained from, or promised at the promisor's desire

Section 2(d) defines consideration as something done, abstained from, or promised at the desire of the promisor — it need not be money and can be past, present, or future.

Question 70: Principle: A master is liable for the tortious acts of a servant done in the course of employment. Fact: A bus driver, while on his authorized route, takes a detour to visit his friend and injures a pedestrian during the detour. Is the employer liable?

No, because the detour was a frolic outside the course of employment (Correct answer)
Yes, because the driver was on duty at the time
No, because the pedestrian should have taken care on the road
Yes, because the employer owns the vehicle

Correct answer: No, because the detour was a frolic outside the course of employment

A personal detour constitutes a 'frolic' rather than a 'deviation,' taking the act outside the course of employment and absolving the employer.

Question 71: What is the largest desert in the world?

Kalahari
Antarctica (Correct answer)
Sahara
Gobi

Correct answer: Antarctica

The largest desert in the world is the Antarctic Polar Desert. While the Sahara is the largest hot desert, deserts are defined by their low precipitation, and Antarctica receives very little moisture, classifying it as a polar desert. It covers almost the entire continent of Antarctica.

Question 72: What obligation does confidentiality impose on CLAT professionals?

Never communicate with anyone
Keep all information secret indefinitely
Share information freely with colleagues
Protect sensitive information and share only as authorized (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Protect sensitive information and share only as authorized

Confidentiality requires protecting sensitive information and only sharing it through authorized channels and for legitimate purposes.

Question 73: The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act was passed in which year?

2006 (Correct answer)
2010
2013
2002

Correct answer: 2006

The Forest Rights Act, 2006 recognized the rights of forest-dwelling communities who had lived in forests for generations before the country's independence.

Question 74: Which sentence uses the subjunctive mood correctly?

If I am the judge, I would dismiss the case.
If I had been the judge, I will dismiss the case.
If I were the judge, I would dismiss the case. (Correct answer)
If I was the judge, I would dismiss the case.

Correct answer: If I were the judge, I would dismiss the case.

The subjunctive mood uses 'were' (not 'was') for hypothetical or contrary-to-fact conditions introduced by 'if'.

Question 75: Passage: 'Legal positivism holds that law is a social fact, not a moral judgment.' A legal positivist would most likely argue:

A law is valid if it was enacted through proper procedure, regardless of its moral content. (Correct answer)
Natural law supersedes statutory law.
An unjust law is no law at all.
Morality must guide every judicial decision.

Correct answer: A law is valid if it was enacted through proper procedure, regardless of its moral content.

Legal positivism separates law's validity from its moral content, holding that proper enactment determines legal validity.

Question 76: What is the primary purpose of a code of ethics in CLAT practice?

To restrict professional freedom
To complicate decision-making
To guide professional conduct and protect the public (Correct answer)
To increase certification fees

Correct answer: To guide professional conduct and protect the public

A code of ethics provides guidance for professional conduct while protecting the public from unethical practices.

Question 77: If the ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3:2 and the total number of students is 40, how many more boys than girls are there?

6
4
10
8 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 8

Boys = 24, girls = 16; the difference is 8.

Question 78: Choose the correct indirect speech: He said, 'I will finish the work tomorrow.'

He said that he would finish the work tomorrow.
He said that he would finish the work the next day. (Correct answer)
He told that he would finish the work tomorrow.
He said that he will finish the work the next day.

Correct answer: He said that he would finish the work the next day.

In indirect speech, 'will' changes to 'would' and 'tomorrow' changes to 'the next day' when the reporting verb is past tense.

Question 79: Choose the word most OPPOSITE in meaning to 'ACRIMONIOUS'.

Cordial (Correct answer)
Bitter
Hostile
Caustic

Correct answer: Cordial

Acrimonious means bitter or harsh in manner; its antonym is cordial, meaning warm and friendly.

Question 80: Which of the following is a 'contingent contract' under the Indian Contract Act?

A contract to deliver goods within 30 days
A contract where payment is due immediately on signing
A contract for sale of immovable property
A contract to pay Rs. 10,000 if a particular ship arrives safely (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A contract to pay Rs. 10,000 if a particular ship arrives safely

A contingent contract is one to do or not do something upon the happening of a collateral uncertain event, such as a ship arriving safely.

Question 81: In professional documentation for CLAT, what is the best practice for organizing information?

Random order of ideas
Logical structure with clear headings and progression (Correct answer)
Alphabetical order always
Longest sections first

Correct answer: Logical structure with clear headings and progression

Logical structure with clear headings helps readers find information quickly and follow the progression of ideas effectively.

Question 82: What role does collaboration play in critical thinking for CLAT professionals?

It slows down work unnecessarily
It is only needed in emergencies
It enhances outcomes through diverse perspectives and shared expertise (Correct answer)
It reduces individual accountability

Correct answer: It enhances outcomes through diverse perspectives and shared expertise

Collaboration leverages diverse perspectives and combined expertise to achieve better outcomes than any individual could alone.

Question 83: Choose the correct passive form: 'She writes a letter.'

A letter is written by her
A letter is writing by her (Correct answer)
A letter written her
A letter was written by her

Correct answer: A letter is writing by her

To change an active sentence in the simple present tense ('She writes a letter') to the passive voice, the structure 'object + is/am/are + past participle + by + subject' is used. Thus, 'a letter' becomes the subject, followed by 'is' (because 'letter' is singular), the past participle 'written', and finally 'by her' to indicate the original agent.

Question 84: In a coded language, COURT is written as FRXUW. Using the same code, what does JUDGE translate to?

MXGJH (Correct answer)
MXGMH
OXGJH
MXJGH

Correct answer: MXGJH

Each letter is shifted forward by 3 positions in the alphabet, so J→M, U→X, D→G, G→J, E→H, giving MXGJH.

Question 85: What is the synonym of 'benevolent'?

Hostile
Kind (Correct answer)
Cruel
Arrogant

Correct answer: Kind

The word 'benevolent' means well meaning and kindly, characterized by goodwill. Therefore, 'kind' is the most accurate synonym, as it describes someone who is friendly, generous, and considerate towards others. Options like hostile, cruel, and arrogant are antonyms or unrelated.

Question 86: A law passed by Parliament restricts freedom of speech in the interest of public order. A citizen challenges it. Under Article 19(2) of the Indian Constitution, which standard applies?

Any restriction by Parliament is automatically valid
The restriction is valid only if unanimously approved in Parliament
Freedom of speech is absolute and admits no restriction
The restriction must be in the interest of public order and must be reasonable (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The restriction must be in the interest of public order and must be reasonable

Article 19(2) permits 'reasonable restrictions' on free speech on grounds including public order, and courts review whether the restriction is indeed reasonable.

Question 87: Which international agreement sets the global framework for reducing biodiversity loss?

Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (Correct answer)
Kyoto Protocol

Correct answer: Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted at COP15 in 2022, sets targets including protecting 30% of Earth's land and oceans by 2030.

Question 88: A clock shows 3:15. What is the angle between the hour and minute hands?

15°
0°
7.5° (Correct answer)
22.5°

Correct answer: 7.5°

At 3:15, the minute hand is at 90° and the hour hand is at 90° + 15×0.5° = 97.5°; the difference is 7.5°.

Question 89: Which country became the first to legally recognize cryptocurrency as legal tender?

China
United States
El Salvador (Correct answer)
Singapore

Correct answer: El Salvador

El Salvador became the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender in September 2021, requiring all businesses to accept it.

Question 90: Which foundational principle is MOST important for success in the Common Law Admission Test profession?

Maximizing financial returns on every engagement
Commitment to continuous learning, ethical practice, and quality outcomes (Correct answer)
Specializing in only one narrow area of practice
Maintaining the minimum requirements for certification

Correct answer: Commitment to continuous learning, ethical practice, and quality outcomes

Success in any professional field requires a commitment to continuous learning to stay current, ethical practice to maintain trust and integrity, and a focus on quality outcomes that serve stakeholders and the public interest.

Question 91: Read: 'The accused remained impassive as the sentence was read.' What does 'impassive' suggest?

Confused and disoriented
Deeply emotional
Defiant and angry
Showing no feeling or reaction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Showing no feeling or reaction

Impassive means not showing or feeling emotion, revealing the accused's controlled or blank demeanor.

Question 92: Which approach best demonstrates mastery of critical thinking in CLAT practice?

Relying entirely on technology
Applying principles to novel situations with sound judgment (Correct answer)
Following procedures without understanding
Avoiding complex scenarios

Correct answer: Applying principles to novel situations with sound judgment

True mastery involves understanding underlying principles well enough to apply them to new and unfamiliar situations with professional judgment.

Question 93: Which treaty established the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

Rome Statute (Correct answer)
Geneva Protocol
Vienna Convention
Treaty of Westphalia

Correct answer: Rome Statute

The Rome Statute, adopted in 1998 and entered into force in 2002, established the ICC to prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

Question 94: The term 'Anthropocene' refers to which concept?

A geological epoch defined by significant human impact on Earth (Correct answer)
A theory of economic development
A United Nations climate treaty
A type of renewable energy technology

Correct answer: A geological epoch defined by significant human impact on Earth

The Anthropocene is a proposed geological epoch marking the period during which human activities have been the dominant influence on Earth's climate and environment.

Question 95: Which number is the odd one out: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?

3
5
11
9 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 9

In the given series (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), all numbers except 9 are prime numbers. A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. The number 9 is a composite number because it can be divided by 3 (in addition to 1 and 9).

Question 96: Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2023?

Greta Thunberg
Narges Mohammadi (Correct answer)
Malala Yousafzai
Maria Ressa

Correct answer: Narges Mohammadi

Narges Mohammadi, an Iranian human rights activist, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2023. She received the prestigious award for her courageous fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her unwavering efforts to promote human rights and freedom for all. Her activism has often led to imprisonment by the Iranian authorities.

Question 97: What is the MOST effective way for new CLAT professionals to build competency in their field?

Learning entirely through trial and error
Focusing solely on the most advanced topics
Studying certification materials exclusively
Combining formal education, mentored practice, and ongoing professional development (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Combining formal education, mentored practice, and ongoing professional development

Question 98: India's 'Neighbourhood First' foreign policy prioritizes diplomatic relations with which group of nations?

Commonwealth nations
ASEAN member states
BRICS member states
SAARC and neighboring countries (Correct answer)

Correct answer: SAARC and neighboring countries

India's Neighbourhood First policy focuses on strengthening ties with immediate neighbors including Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

Question 99: The International Court of Justice (ICJ) settles disputes between which parties?

Sovereign states only (Correct answer)
Criminal defendants from any nation
Individuals and corporations
International NGOs and governments

Correct answer: Sovereign states only

The ICJ, the principal judicial organ of the UN, has jurisdiction only over disputes brought by sovereign member states.

Question 100: Statement: 'Only meritorious students receive scholarships.' Assumptions: I. Non-meritorious students never apply. II. Merit is the sole criterion for scholarships.

Only I is implicit.
Both I and II are implicit.
Neither I nor II is implicit.
Only II is implicit. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Only II is implicit.

The statement directly implies merit is the only criterion (II), but says nothing about whether non-meritorious students apply (I).

Question 101: Who is known as the 'Missile Man of India'?

Vikram Sarabhai
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (Correct answer)
C.V. Raman
Homi Bhabha

Correct answer: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, a distinguished scientist and the 11th President of India, is widely revered as the 'Missile Man of India'. This title was earned due to his significant contributions to the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. He played a crucial role in the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.

Question 102: What is the antonym of 'obscure'?

Clear (Correct answer)
Faint
Dull
Uncertain

Correct answer: Clear

The word 'obscure' means not clearly expressed or easily understood, or not discovered or known about. Its direct opposite, or antonym, is 'clear,' which means easy to perceive, understand, or interpret. The other options are either synonyms or related in meaning to 'obscure'.

Question 103: Principle: A minor's agreement is void ab initio. Fact: 15-year-old Priya represents herself as an adult and obtains a laptop on credit from a shopkeeper who reasonably believed her. The shopkeeper sues for payment.

Priya must pay because she misrepresented her age
The shopkeeper cannot recover payment as a minor's contract is void (Correct answer)
Priya's parents are liable for the debt
Priya must return the laptop but owes no money

Correct answer: The shopkeeper cannot recover payment as a minor's contract is void

Since a minor's contract is void ab initio in India, the shopkeeper cannot enforce it for payment even when the minor misrepresented her age (Mohori Bibee v Dharmodas Ghose).

Question 104: The rule in 'Hadley v. Baxendale' (1854) relates to:

Remoteness of damages in breach of contract (Correct answer)
Rescission of voidable contracts
Doctrine of part performance
Formation of a valid contract

Correct answer: Remoteness of damages in breach of contract

Hadley v. Baxendale established that damages for breach of contract are limited to those that were reasonably foreseeable at the time the contract was made.

Question 105: Which sentence contains a misplaced modifier?

She almost drove her children to school every day. (Correct answer)
She drove almost every day to school.
She drove her children to almost every school.
Almost every day, she drove her children to school.

Correct answer: She almost drove her children to school every day.

'Almost' should modify 'every day', not 'drove'; the sentence implies she nearly drove but didn't.

Question 106: Principle: Contributory negligence of the plaintiff reduces but does not bar recovery in India under the apportionment rule. Fact: Cyclist Meena rides without a helmet and is hit by a speeding car driven negligently by Deepak. Her head injuries are worse due to no helmet. The court finds Meena 30% contributorily negligent.

Meena recovers nothing because she was negligent
Meena recovers 50% because courts always split damages equally
Meena recovers full damages because the defendant was the primary wrongdoer
Meena recovers 70% of her damages after reduction for contributory negligence (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Meena recovers 70% of her damages after reduction for contributory negligence

Under the contributory negligence apportionment rule, damages are reduced proportionally to the plaintiff's share of fault, so Meena gets 70% of her total loss.

Question 107: Which argument WEAKENS the claim that stricter bail conditions reduce crime rates?

Studies show crime rates are driven primarily by socioeconomic factors, not pre-trial detention. (Correct answer)
Most repeat offenders were denied bail in jurisdictions studied.
Bail reforms were followed by a drop in petty theft in several cities.
Countries with strict bail laws have lower recidivism.

Correct answer: Studies show crime rates are driven primarily by socioeconomic factors, not pre-trial detention.

If crime is primarily driven by socioeconomic factors rather than pre-trial detention status, bail conditions have little causal impact on crime rates.

Question 108: Which body is responsible for delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies in India?

National Commission for Minorities
Election Commission of India
Delimitation Commission (Correct answer)
Law Commission of India

Correct answer: Delimitation Commission

The Delimitation Commission, constituted by the President under the Delimitation Act, is responsible for redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly constituencies.

Question 109: Which Indian legislation governs data protection and privacy rights as of 2023?

Cyber Security and Data Act, 2021
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (Correct answer)
Right to Privacy Act, 2017
Information Technology Act, 2000

Correct answer: Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 was enacted to regulate how personal data of Indian citizens is processed and stored.

Question 110: Choose the best synonym for 'INVETERATE' as used in 'an inveterate liar'.

Occasional
Repentant
Habitual (Correct answer)
Reluctant

Correct answer: Habitual

Inveterate describes a habit or practice that is long-established and unlikely to change; habitual is the closest synonym.

Question 111: Directions: Read and choose. 'Judicial activism occurs when courts interpret laws broadly to advance social justice.' Which statement best critiques this?

Judicial activism always leads to better outcomes.
Social justice is not the courts' concern.
Judges are elected and thus accountable.
Broad interpretation may overstep judicial authority into legislative domain. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Broad interpretation may overstep judicial authority into legislative domain.

The strongest critique is that broad interpretation risks usurping the legislature's law-making role, violating separation of powers.

Question 112: What obligation does confidentiality impose on CLAT professionals?

Keep all information secret indefinitely
Share information freely with colleagues
Protect sensitive information and share only as authorized (Correct answer)
Never communicate with anyone

Correct answer: Protect sensitive information and share only as authorized

Confidentiality requires protecting sensitive information and only sharing it through authorized channels and for legitimate purposes.

Question 113: Which Indian state has the largest forest cover as a percentage of its total area?

Arunachal Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Mizoram (Correct answer)
Uttarakhand

Correct answer: Mizoram

Mizoram has the highest percentage of forest cover relative to its total geographical area among all Indian states.

Question 114: Argument: 'Speed limits should be abolished because experienced drivers can judge safe speeds.' Which assumption underlies this argument?

Speed limits cause more accidents than they prevent.
Experienced drivers' judgment is always reliable and sufficient for safety. (Correct answer)
All drivers are experienced.
Speed limits are the only road safety measure.

Correct answer: Experienced drivers' judgment is always reliable and sufficient for safety.

The argument assumes experienced drivers' judgment is a reliable and sufficient substitute for standardized speed limits.

Question 115: When a CLAT professional faces pressure to compromise professional standards, the BEST response is to:

Comply to maintain workplace relationships
Ignore the pressure and continue without reporting
Immediately resign from the position
Document the pressure and uphold professional standards (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Document the pressure and uphold professional standards

Question 116: Which organization publishes the annual 'Human Development Report'?

World Health Organization
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (Correct answer)
World Bank
International Monetary Fund

Correct answer: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

The UNDP publishes the Human Development Report annually, which includes the Human Development Index ranking countries by life expectancy, education, and income.

Question 117: Which statement BEST describes the relationship between Common Law Admission Test certification requirements and industry evolution?

Requirements become less stringent over time
Certification requirements never change once established
Changes only occur when government mandates new requirements
Requirements evolve periodically to reflect advances in knowledge, technology, and practice standards (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Requirements evolve periodically to reflect advances in knowledge, technology, and practice standards

Question 118: The 'Doctrine of Basic Structure' in Indian constitutional law was established in which landmark case?

A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950)
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) (Correct answer)
Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)

Correct answer: Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)

The Supreme Court in Kesavananda Bharati (1973) held that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution so as to destroy its basic structure.

Question 119: Which river flows through Baghdad?

Euphrates
Tigris (Correct answer)
Nile
Indus

Correct answer: Tigris

The Tigris River flows through Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq. This historic river, along with the Euphrates, forms the fertile region of Mesopotamia, which has been crucial for the development of ancient civilizations and modern cities like Baghdad. The city's location on the Tigris has been vital for trade, agriculture, and defense throughout history.

Question 120: Which statement BEST describes the relationship between Common Law Admission Test certification requirements and industry evolution?

Requirements evolve periodically to reflect advances in knowledge, technology, and practice standards (Correct answer)
Requirements become less stringent over time
Certification requirements never change once established
Changes only occur when government mandates new requirements

Correct answer: Requirements evolve periodically to reflect advances in knowledge, technology, and practice standards

Common Law Admission Test (CLAT)

The CLAT is a national-level entrance examination for admissions to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs offered by 22 National Law Universities in India.

120

Questions

120 min

Time Limit

40%

To Pass

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