CLAST Logical Reasoning 2

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of the logical fallacy known as 'ad hominem'?

Accepted Answer

Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself

Answer

Drawing a conclusion that doesn't follow from the premises

Answer

Assuming that because two events are correlated they are causally related

Answer

Appealing to the majority opinion to support a claim

Question 2

If the statement 'No reptiles are warm-blooded' is true, which of the following must also be true?

Accepted Answer

No warm-blooded animals are reptiles

Answer

All warm-blooded animals are reptiles

Answer

Some reptiles are warm-blooded

Answer

All reptiles are cold-blooded mammals

Question 3

A researcher concludes that ice cream causes drowning because both increase in summer. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Confusing correlation with causation

Answer

Valid deductive reasoning

Answer

An ad hominem fallacy

Answer

A valid inductive generalization

Question 4

Which argument form is VALID?

Accepted Answer

If P then Q; P is true; therefore Q is true

Answer

If P then Q; Q is true; therefore P is true

Answer

If P then Q; P is false; therefore Q is false

Answer

If P then Q; Q is false; therefore P is true

Question 5

The argument 'Everyone on the team agrees with the plan, so it must be correct' commits which fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Ad populum (appeal to the majority)

Answer

False dilemma

Answer

Appeal to authority

Answer

Hasty generalization

Question 6

Given: 'All doctors are college graduates' and 'Maria is a college graduate.' What can be logically concluded?

Accepted Answer

Maria may or may not be a doctor

Answer

Maria is a doctor

Answer

Maria is not a doctor

Answer

Maria went to medical school

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a 'sound' argument?

Accepted Answer

An argument that is valid and has all true premises

Answer

An argument that is valid and has at least one true premise

Answer

An argument whose conclusion is impossible to disprove

Answer

An argument that most people find persuasive