Mixed Deck — All CIW Topics Flashcards

What is phishing?

Answer: A social engineering attack using deceptive emails or websites to trick users into revealing sensitive information

Phishing deceives victims through fraudulent emails, messages, or websites that mimic trusted entities to steal credentials or personal data.

What distinguishes a LAN from a WAN?

Answer: A LAN is a group of networked computers within a confined geographic area.

A Local Area Network (LAN) is defined by its limited geographic scope, typically connecting devices within a single building, home, or campus. In contrast, a Wide Area Network (WAN) spans larger geographical distances, connecting multiple LANs over cities, states, or even countries. This distinction in physical coverage is the primary difference between the two network types.

Which HTML5 semantic element is most appropriate for the main navigation links of a website?

Answer:

The `` element is the HTML5 semantic tag intended to contain the site's primary navigation links.

Which type of e-commerce transaction occurs between two private individuals, such as on eBay or Craigslist?

Answer: C2C

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) commerce involves transactions between private individuals, often facilitated by a third-party platform.

What is a brute-force attack in the context of cybersecurity?

Answer: Systematically trying all possible password combinations until the correct one is found

A brute-force attack methodically attempts every possible combination of credentials to gain unauthorized access to an account or system.

What does the CIA triad stand for in information security?

Answer: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

The CIA triad — Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability — represents the three core objectives of any information security program.

Which file format is best suited for photographic images on the web due to its lossy compression?

Answer: JPEG

JPEG uses lossy compression optimized for photographs, producing small file sizes with acceptable quality loss.

Which HTML5 element is used to define a block of navigation links?

Answer:

The element is the semantic HTML5 element specifically intended to contain a set of navigation links.

Which SQL clause is used to filter groups after a GROUP BY operation?

Answer: HAVING

The `HAVING` clause filters the result of GROUP BY aggregations, similar to how WHERE filters individual rows.

What is social engineering in cybersecurity?

Answer: Manipulating people through psychological tactics to divulge confidential information or perform harmful actions

Social engineering exploits human psychology rather than technical vulnerabilities to trick individuals into compromising security.

What does the acronym 'FTP' stand for in the context of internet file transfers?

Answer: File Transfer Protocol

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server.

What is the purpose of version control systems like Git in web development?

Answer: Track changes to code over time, enabling collaboration and rollback to previous versions

Version control systems like Git record every change to code, allowing teams to collaborate, review history, and revert to earlier states.

What is e-commerce?

Answer: The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet

E-commerce encompasses all commercial transactions — buying, selling, and exchanging goods or services — conducted electronically over the internet.

Which protocol operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model and is responsible for logical addressing and routing?

Answer: IP

IP (Internet Protocol) operates at the Network layer (Layer 3) and handles logical addressing and packet routing between networks.

What is the difference between client-side and server-side scripting?

Answer: Client-side runs in the user's browser; server-side runs on the web server before sending content to the browser

Client-side scripts (like JavaScript) execute in the visitor's browser, while server-side scripts (like PHP or Node.js) run on the server and send results to the browser.

Which metric measures the percentage of email recipients who opened a marketing email?

Answer: Open rate

Open rate is the percentage of delivered emails that recipients opened, used to gauge email subject line effectiveness.

What is SQL injection?

Answer: An attack that inserts malicious SQL code into input fields to manipulate a database

SQL injection exploits insufficient input validation by inserting malicious SQL statements into fields, potentially exposing or corrupting database data.

Which CSS Grid property defines the number and size of columns in a grid container?

Answer: grid-template-columns

The `grid-template-columns` property specifies the column track sizes and the number of columns in a CSS Grid layout.

In typography for the web, what does 'leading' refer to?

Answer: The vertical spacing between lines of text

Leading (mapped to the CSS `line-height` property) controls the vertical distance between lines of text.

What is a wireframe's role in the web development process?

Answer: Create a low-fidelity structural layout to plan page content and user interface before coding begins

A wireframe is a skeletal blueprint created early in the design process to define page structure, layout, and content hierarchy before visual design.