CIT Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which cell type is primarily responsible for resorbing bone during the remodeling phase after implant placement?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts (Correct answer)
- Osteocytes
- Fibroblasts
Correct answer: Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone through acidification and enzymatic breakdown, playing a key role in bone remodeling.
Question 2: The nasopalatine nerve and vessels exit the oral cavity through which foramen?
- Greater palatine foramen
- Lesser palatine foramen
- Incisive foramen (Correct answer)
- Mental foramen
Correct answer: Incisive foramen
The nasopalatine nerve and vessels pass through the incisive foramen located in the anterior hard palate behind the central incisors.
Question 3: Which anatomical structure forms the roof of the maxillary sinus?
- Orbital floor (Correct answer)
- Nasal floor
- Zygomatic arch
- Pterygoid plate
Correct answer: Orbital floor
The floor of the orbit forms the roof of the maxillary sinus, which is why orbital complications can arise with aggressive sinus surgery.
Question 4: Biologic width in relation to implants refers to the combined dimension of which two soft tissue components?
- Junctional epithelium and sulcular epithelium
- Junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment (Correct answer)
- Oral epithelium and junctional epithelium
- Connective tissue and periosteum
Correct answer: Junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment
Biologic width around implants consists of the junctional epithelium (~2mm) and the supracrestal connective tissue attachment (~1mm) that form a soft tissue seal.
Question 5: Which muscle attaches to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus and is responsible for jaw closure?
- Masseter
- Medial pterygoid (Correct answer)
- Lateral pterygoid
- Buccinator
Correct answer: Medial pterygoid
The medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the medial surface of the mandibular angle and ramus, acting as a jaw elevator (closure muscle).
Question 6: Which layer of the periosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells that contribute to bone healing after implant surgery?
- Fibrous outer layer
- Cambium (inner) layer (Correct answer)
- Endosteum
- Haversian layer
Correct answer: Cambium (inner) layer
The cambium (inner) layer of the periosteum is rich in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts that contribute to bone regeneration and healing.
Question 7: In the Lekholm & Zarb bone quality classification, Type IV bone is characterized by which feature?
- Dense cortical bone with no cancellous core
- Thick cortex surrounding dense cancellous bone
- Thin cortex surrounding low-density cancellous bone (Correct answer)
- Equal cortical and cancellous bone distribution
Correct answer: Thin cortex surrounding low-density cancellous bone
Type IV bone has a very thin cortical shell surrounding low-density (fine trabecular) cancellous bone, often found in the posterior maxilla.
CIT Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3
Which cell type is primarily responsible for resorbing bone during the remodeling phase after implant placement?