CIT Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which nerve is most commonly at risk during posterior mandibular implant placement due to its course through the mandibular canal?
- Lingual nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (Correct answer)
- Mental nerve
- Buccal nerve
Correct answer: Inferior alveolar nerve
The inferior alveolar nerve runs through the mandibular canal and can be damaged if an implant is placed too close to or into the canal.
Question 2: The mental foramen is most commonly located inferior to which tooth?
- First premolar
- Second premolar (Correct answer)
- First molar
- Canine
Correct answer: Second premolar
The mental foramen is typically found inferior and slightly distal to the apex of the mandibular second premolar.
Question 3: Which type of bone is found predominantly in the cancellous (trabecular) region and is important for osseointegration?
- Cortical bone
- Lamellar bone
- Woven bone
- Spongy bone (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Spongy bone
Spongy (cancellous/trabecular) bone contains marrow spaces with blood vessels that support early osseointegration through vascularization.
Question 4: The Schneiderian membrane refers to which anatomical structure relevant to sinus lift procedures?
- Periosteum of the maxillary sinus floor
- Mucosal lining of the maxillary sinus (Correct answer)
- Cortical plate of the alveolar ridge
- Nasal mucosa lining the nasal cavity
Correct answer: Mucosal lining of the maxillary sinus
The Schneiderian membrane is the mucoperiosteal lining of the maxillary sinus that must be carefully elevated during sinus augmentation procedures.
Question 5: Which blood vessel supplies the majority of blood to the mandible and is relevant during implant surgery planning?
- Facial artery
- Inferior alveolar artery (Correct answer)
- Sublingual artery
- Lingual artery
Correct answer: Inferior alveolar artery
The inferior alveolar artery accompanies the inferior alveolar nerve through the mandibular canal and is the primary blood supply to the mandibular teeth and bone.
Question 6: Which classification of bone quality describes dense cortical bone with little cancellous bone, most commonly found in the anterior mandible?
- Type I (Correct answer)
- Type II
- Type III
- Type IV
Correct answer: Type I
Type I bone (Lekholm & Zarb classification) consists almost entirely of dense cortical bone and is most commonly found in the anterior mandible.
Question 7: The pterygomandibular raphe is a fibrous band connecting the pterygoid hamulus to which mandibular landmark?
- Mental spine
- Lingula
- Retromolar pad (Correct answer)
- Coronoid process
Correct answer: Retromolar pad
The pterygomandibular raphe stretches between the pterygoid hamulus superiorly and the retromolar pad region of the mandible inferiorly.
CIT Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2
Which nerve is most commonly at risk during posterior mandibular implant placement due to its course through the mandibular canal?