CIT CIT Bone Grafting & Osseointegration 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the minimum healing time typically required for osseointegration before loading a standard implant?
- 1–2 weeks
- 3–4 weeks
- 8–16 weeks (Correct answer)
- 6–12 months
Correct answer: 8–16 weeks
Standard implant protocols typically require 8–16 weeks of unloaded healing to allow adequate bone-implant contact before functional loading.
Question 2: Implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is used to assess:
- The torque value used during placement
- The degree of osseointegration and implant stability (Correct answer)
- The depth of the osteotomy site
- The shade of the provisional restoration
Correct answer: The degree of osseointegration and implant stability
RFA measures the resonance frequency of a transducer attached to the implant, generating an ISQ value (1–100) that reflects primary and secondary stability.
Question 3: Which type of bone defect is best described as a horizontal deficit where the ridge has lost width but not height?
- Vertical bone defect
- Horizontal bone defect (Correct answer)
- Combination defect
- Infrabony defect
Correct answer: Horizontal bone defect
A horizontal bone defect reduces ridge width, requiring lateral augmentation (e.g., GBR or block graft) to widen the ridge before or concurrent with implant placement.
Question 4: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) uses a membrane to:
- Deliver antibiotics to the graft site
- Exclude epithelial and connective tissue cells from invading the graft (Correct answer)
- Stabilize the implant during placement
- Cover the crown during healing
Correct answer: Exclude epithelial and connective tissue cells from invading the graft
GBR membranes act as a barrier to prevent fast-proliferating epithelial and connective tissue cells from colonizing the space needed for bone regeneration.
Question 5: Which of the following is a sign of failed osseointegration (implant failure)?
- ISQ value of 72
- Mobility of the implant under digital pressure (Correct answer)
- Absence of pain at three months
- Radiographic bone level at the implant neck
Correct answer: Mobility of the implant under digital pressure
A clinically mobile implant indicates failure of osseointegration, as a successfully integrated implant should be completely rigid with no movement.
Question 6: What is the primary role of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) when used in conjunction with bone grafting?
- To act as a barrier membrane replacement
- To release growth factors that accelerate tissue and bone healing (Correct answer)
- To disinfect the graft material
- To increase graft radiopacity on radiographs
Correct answer: To release growth factors that accelerate tissue and bone healing
PRF is a concentrated autologous blood product that releases growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF) to promote angiogenesis and accelerate tissue regeneration.
CIT CIT Bone Grafting & Osseointegration 2
What is the minimum healing time typically required for osseointegration before loading a standard implant?