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Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real CIT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text

  1. The sublingual artery is a branch of which major vessel and poses a hemorrhage risk during anterior mandibular implant placement?

    Answer: Lingual artery

    The sublingual artery is a branch of the lingual artery and runs near the floor of the mouth, posing a risk of life-threatening hemorrhage if perforated during lingual cortical plate perforation.

  2. Which bone cell type is embedded within lacunae of mineralized bone matrix and communicates via canaliculi?

    Answer: Osteocyte

    Osteocytes are mature bone cells trapped in lacunae that communicate with each other and surface cells through canaliculi to regulate bone metabolism.

  3. The anterior loop of the mental nerve is clinically significant because it extends anterior to the mental foramen by approximately how much?

    Answer: 3–5 mm

    The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve extends approximately 3–5 mm anterior to the mental foramen before turning posteriorly to exit, requiring a safety margin in implant planning.

  4. Which type of collagen fiber is predominant in the gingival connective tissue surrounding implants and natural teeth?

    Answer: Type I collagen

    Type I collagen is the primary structural protein in gingival and periodontal connective tissues, providing tensile strength to the soft tissue seal around implants.

  5. The maxillary sinus ostium, which drains mucus from the sinus, opens into which nasal structure?

    Answer: Middle meatus

    The maxillary sinus drains through its natural ostium into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity, located under the middle turbinate.

  6. Which landmark on the mandible serves as the attachment point for the mylohyoid muscle and must be identified to avoid lingual plate perforation?

    Answer: Mylohyoid ridge

    The mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique ridge) runs on the lingual surface of the mandible and marks the superior attachment of the mylohyoid muscle, relevant during implant osteotomy angulation.

  7. Hydroxyapatite, the primary mineral component of bone, is composed of which elements?

    Answer: Calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen

    Hydroxyapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂] is composed of calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen, forming the crystalline mineral phase of bone and implant surface coatings.