Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

Which cell type is primarily responsible for resorbing bone during the remodeling phase after implant placement?

Answer: Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone through acidification and enzymatic breakdown, playing a key role in bone remodeling.

The nasopalatine nerve and vessels exit the oral cavity through which foramen?

Answer: Incisive foramen

The nasopalatine nerve and vessels pass through the incisive foramen located in the anterior hard palate behind the central incisors.

Which anatomical structure forms the roof of the maxillary sinus?

Answer: Orbital floor

The floor of the orbit forms the roof of the maxillary sinus, which is why orbital complications can arise with aggressive sinus surgery.

Biologic width in relation to implants refers to the combined dimension of which two soft tissue components?

Answer: Junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment

Biologic width around implants consists of the junctional epithelium (~2mm) and the supracrestal connective tissue attachment (~1mm) that form a soft tissue seal.

Which muscle attaches to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus and is responsible for jaw closure?

Answer: Medial pterygoid

The medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the medial surface of the mandibular angle and ramus, acting as a jaw elevator (closure muscle).

Which layer of the periosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells that contribute to bone healing after implant surgery?

Answer: Cambium (inner) layer

The cambium (inner) layer of the periosteum is rich in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts that contribute to bone regeneration and healing.

In the Lekholm & Zarb bone quality classification, Type IV bone is characterized by which feature?

Answer: Thin cortex surrounding low-density cancellous bone

Type IV bone has a very thin cortical shell surrounding low-density (fine trabecular) cancellous bone, often found in the posterior maxilla.