CILEX L6 Study Guide 2026

The Full Code Test in the Code for Crown Prosecutors requires: (1) evidential stage — there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction (an objective test — would a properly directed jury be more likely than not to convict?), and (2) public interest stage — prosecution is in the public interest.

In BCCI v Akindele [2001] Ch 437, the Court of Appeal held that the single touchstone for knowing receipt is whether the defendant's state of knowledge was such as to make it unconscionable for them to retain the benefit of the property.

The Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman investigates complaints about maladministration (including delay, incompetence, and misleading information) causing injustice in government departments and NHS bodies. Complaints must be referred through an MP (the MP filter), and the PHSO's findings are not legally binding but are generally followed.

In AG v Blake [2001] AC 268, the House of Lords held that in exceptional cases (here, breach of a contract with the Crown by a spy), an account of profits may be ordered in contract. The remedy is discretionary and available only where compensatory damages would be inadequate.

The LRA 2002 (Schedule 6) fundamentally reformed adverse possession for registered land. After 10 years of adverse possession, the squatter may apply for registration. The proprietor is notified and can object. If they object, the application fails unless the squatter satisfies one of three conditions in para 5 (estoppel, some other right to the land, or reasonable mistake as to boundaries). If the proprietor fails to evict within 2 years of a failed application, the squatter can reapply successfully.

Constructive dismissal under s.95(1)(c) ERA 1996 arises where the employee terminates the contract (with or without notice) because of the employer's conduct. The employer's conduct must be a repudiatory breach (going to the root of the contract or showing an intention to be no longer bound by it), and the employee must not have affirmed it.