Pain and Symptom Management Flashcards

Dyspnea in a dying patient is best described as:

Answer: The subjective sensation of difficulty or discomfort in breathing

Dyspnea is the subjective experience of breathlessness or difficulty breathing and can occur even when oxygen levels appear normal.

Which of the following comfort measures can help a patient experiencing dyspnea?

Answer: Positioning the patient upright and using a fan directed at the face

Elevating the head of the bed and directing a gentle fan toward the patient's face can reduce the sensation of breathlessness by stimulating receptors in the nasal passage.

What is 'death rattle' and how should the nursing assistant respond?

Answer: Noisy breathing from secretions in the throat; reposition gently and reassure the family

Death rattle refers to the gurgling or rattling sound caused by secretions pooling in the throat of a dying patient; repositioning and family education are appropriate responses.

Constipation in hospice patients is most commonly caused by:

Answer: Opioid medications, reduced mobility, and decreased intake

Constipation in hospice patients is commonly caused by opioid-induced slowing of the bowel, reduced physical activity, and decreased food and fluid intake.

Which symptom is characterized by a persistent feeling of nausea and inability to eat?

Answer: Anorexia-cachexia syndrome

Anorexia-cachexia syndrome is common in terminal illness and involves loss of appetite, weight loss, and metabolic changes that reduce the desire and ability to eat.

What is the most important action a nursing assistant can take when a patient reports new or worsening symptoms?

Answer: Document the symptom and immediately notify the supervising nurse

The nursing assistant must document observed or reported symptoms and notify the supervising nurse promptly so that medical interventions can be initiated.