GI Anatomy and Pathophysiology Flashcards

Which layer of the GI tract wall contains the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus) responsible for regulating secretions?

Answer: Submucosa

The submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus) is located in the submucosa and primarily controls GI secretions and local blood flow.

A patient presents with steatorrhea and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Which portion of the small intestine is most likely affected?

Answer: Jejunum

The jejunum is the primary site for absorption of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

What is the primary function of the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer: Regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum

The sphincter of Oddi regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater.

Which condition is characterized by transmural inflammation that can affect any portion of the GI tract from mouth to anus?

Answer: Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is characterized by transmural inflammation and can affect any part of the GI tract, most commonly the terminal ileum and colon.

The portal vein is formed by the confluence of which two veins?

Answer: Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

The portal vein is formed behind the neck of the pancreas by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.

Which cells in the gastric mucosa are responsible for producing intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid?

Answer: Parietal cells

Parietal (oxyntic) cells produce both hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.