Trivia Flashcards

A patient complains of fever, flatulence, left lower quadrant stomach discomfort that worsens with coughing and straining, and feverish symptoms. Also mentioned are changes in bowel habits. Upon physical examination, a palpable, sensitive rectal tumor is discovered. Intestinal mucosal inflammation and outpouchings are seen on a CT scan of the sigmoid colon. The most likely diagnosis for the patient is:

Answer: Diverticulitis

The patient's symptoms—left lower quadrant pain, fever, flatulence, changes in bowel habits, and especially the CT scan findings of intestinal mucosal inflammation and 'outpouchings' (diverticula) in the sigmoid colon—are classic indicators of diverticulitis. This condition occurs when small pouches in the colon wall become inflamed or infected. The palpable rectal tumor could be an inflammatory mass or abscess related to the diverticulitis.

Two to four hours after eating, a 38-year-old lady complains of melena and a searing sensation in the middle of her stomach. Additionally, nighttime reports of abdominal discomfort exist. Consuming food typically reduces pain. The patient is being treated for:

Answer: Duodenal ulcer

The described symptoms—epigastric pain occurring 2-4 hours after eating, nighttime abdominal discomfort, relief of pain by consuming food, and melena (indicating GI bleeding)—are classic manifestations of a duodenal ulcer. Unlike gastric ulcers, which often cause pain worsened by eating, duodenal ulcer pain is typically alleviated by food or antacids, and often recurs several hours later or at night.

A patient with a lacunar cerebrovascular accident nine days ago is undergoing passive range-of-motion exercises. The nurse feels muscle stiffness in the afflicted extremity, the left arm. What does the nurse do after that?

Answer: Apply gentle pressure on the spastic part

After a cerebrovascular accident (stroke), muscle stiffness and spasticity are common in affected limbs. When performing passive range-of-motion exercises and encountering stiffness, applying gentle, sustained pressure or a slow, controlled stretch to the spastic muscle can help to relax it and reduce resistance. This technique is a standard part of neurological rehabilitation to manage spasticity and prevent contractures, promoting better movement without causing harm.

Docusate sodium is prescribed to an older patient. The drug's therapeutic effect is felt by the patient if they are going through any of the following:

Answer: Softer stools during bowel movements

A stool softener called docusate sodium prevents water from being absorbed, enabling regular bowel movements. The alternate choices are incorrect.

The dementia that Janis Long, an 88-year-old customer, is suffering from is advanced. The nurse chooses to attach a bed exit safety monitoring device to the patient on a particularly busy day. The advantages of this gadget are as follows, with the exception of:

Answer: Safely limits the mobility of the client

The client can move about without being constrained by a bed exit safety monitoring system. A bed exit safety monitoring system lowers the possibility of client falls and instantly alerts the medical staff if the client attempts to escape the bed. Additionally, it is a tool that can stop a case of nighttime roaming. The nurse should explain to the client and accompanying family members that this device does not restrict the client's movement. When the client requires help getting out of bed, the client should be told to telephone the nurse.

Anorexia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal discomfort are all symptoms of the patient. Laennec's cirrhosis is identified as the condition. Which of the following statements about the patient's history is most likely true?

Answer: The patient has a history of alcoholism

Alcoholism causes Laennec's cirrhosis. Postnecrotic cirrhosis is brought on by a severe liver necrosis caused by hepatotoxins. Biliary cirrhosis is brought on by persistent biliary blockage. Cardiac cirrhosis is brought on by severe, right-sided congestive heart failure.

A patient with chronic sinusitis experiences inadequate ventilation as a result of the nasal airways being constrained or blocked. The nurse is aware that inadequate ventilation might result in inadequate nasal drainage. Which of the following comfort care procedures did the nurse NOT apply to this client?

Answer: Encourage plenty of rest in the day.

To prevent getting too little sleep at night, the nurse should rather discourage getting much of rest during the day. Chronic sinusitis patients frequently express weariness from a lack of sleep. Breathing problems, persistent headaches, and periorbital discomfort frequently interfere with sleep habits. Nasal stuffiness is worst in the morning. Better nasal drainage is encouraged by increasing oral fluid intake and humidity. Warm compresses applied to the sinuses would cause the sinuses to open up, reducing nasal congestion.