Federal Budget Process and Execution Flashcards

What is the 'current services baseline' in federal budgeting?

Answer: A projection of future spending needed to continue current programs at current service levels

The current services baseline projects future spending levels needed to maintain existing programs under current law, adjusting for inflation and caseload changes.

Which type of appropriation does NOT expire at the end of the fiscal year?

Answer: No-year appropriation

A no-year appropriation remains available for obligation indefinitely until the funds are expended or the appropriation is rescinded.

What is a 'rescission' in federal budgeting?

Answer: A legislative cancellation of previously enacted budget authority

A rescission is a legislative action that permanently cancels previously enacted budget authority before the funds are obligated.

What is the 'pay-as-you-go' (PAYGO) rule in federal budgeting?

Answer: Requiring that new mandatory spending or tax cuts be offset by spending cuts or tax increases

PAYGO requires that legislation increasing mandatory spending or cutting taxes be offset by equivalent mandatory spending cuts or tax increases to remain budget-neutral.

In the federal budget, what are 'earmarks'?

Answer: Congressional directives in appropriations bills specifying how funds must be spent on particular projects or locations

Earmarks are provisions in appropriations legislation directing agencies to spend funds on specific projects, often in a member's district or state.

What is the role of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) in the federal budget process?

Answer: Providing Congress with independent auditing, investigative, and oversight services

The GAO is Congress's independent watchdog, providing audits, investigations, and analyses to help Congress make informed decisions about federal programs and spending.