CFP Special Populations & Adaptations Flashcards

Before beginning an exercise program with a client over age 65, a CFP should MOST importantly obtain which clearance?

Answer: Physician medical clearance

Physician medical clearance identifies cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or medication-related contraindications before exercise begins in older adults.

Which exercise modification is MOST appropriate for a pregnant client in the second trimester?

Answer: Avoiding supine (lying on back) exercises

After the first trimester, supine exercises are contraindicated because the uterus can compress the vena cava, reducing cardiac output.

A CFP is working with a client who has Type 2 diabetes. Which exercise precaution is MOST critical?

Answer: Monitoring blood glucose before, during, and after exercise

Blood glucose monitoring prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia events during exercise, which can be dangerous for diabetic clients.

When training a client with hypertension, which exercise type requires the MOST caution due to acute blood pressure spikes?

Answer: Heavy maximal-effort resistance exercises with breath-holding (Valsalva)

Heavy lifting combined with the Valsalva maneuver (breath-holding) causes dramatic transient increases in blood pressure, which is dangerous for hypertensive clients.

A client with osteoporosis should AVOID which type of exercise due to fracture risk?

Answer: High-impact spinal flexion exercises (e.g., full sit-ups, toe touches)

Spinal flexion under load significantly increases vertebral fracture risk in clients with osteoporosis due to weakened bone density.

Which FITT principle adjustment is MOST appropriate when training a client with obesity who is new to exercise?

Answer: Low intensity, short duration sessions progressed gradually based on tolerance

Deconditioned clients with obesity need conservative starting volumes to prevent injury, overexertion, and early dropout.