CFO Research Methods & Evidence-Based Practice 2

Question 1

In evidence-based practice, a systematic review differs from a narrative review primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Uses explicit, reproducible methods to identify and appraise studies

Answer

Systematic reviews use predefined, transparent methods for searching, selecting, and critically appraising studies to minimize bias.

Question 2

A patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) used in orthotic research is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A standardized questionnaire completed by the patient about their own health status

Answer

PROMs capture the patient's perspective on their own functional status, symptoms, or quality of life.

Question 3

Which type of bias occurs when study participants who drop out differ systematically from those who complete the trial?

Accepted Answer

Attrition bias

Answer

Attrition bias arises when differential dropout between groups affects the validity of results.

Question 4

The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in orthotic outcome research represents:

Accepted Answer

The smallest change in a score that patients perceive as meaningful

Answer

MCID is the smallest change in an outcome measure that patients perceive as beneficial, distinguishing statistical from clinical significance.

Question 5

A cross-over study design in orthotic research means that:

Accepted Answer

Each participant receives both the experimental orthosis and the control condition at different time points

Answer

In a crossover design, each participant acts as their own control by receiving both interventions sequentially.

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