CFC Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield CFC facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. When a controller transmits 'SAY AGAIN,' what is being requested? → Repeat the previous transmission
2. Which of the following best describes a key competency required for notam processing & distribution in CFC practice? → Strong analytical skills combined with effective communication and ethical judgment
3. Which organization sets aviation safety regulations in the United States? → FAA
4. What frequency is typically used for tower communications at most airports? → 120-150 MHz
5. Which of the following best describes a key competency required for flight plan filing & amendments in CFC practice? → Strong analytical skills combined with effective communication and ethical judgment
6. What does the ATC instruction 'SQUAWK IDENT' require the pilot to do? → Press the IDENT button on the transponder
7. What communication equipment is required to operate in Class A airspace? → Two-way radio communication with ATC and an IFR clearance
8. When is it appropriate for a first officer to take control of the aircraft from the captain? → When the captain is incapacitated and flight safety is at risk
9. What is a 'callout' in aviation crew communication? → A verbal announcement of actions or observations to keep the crew informed
10. Why is adherence to regulatory compliance critical? → Ensures safety and legality
11. What is the most common floor of Class E airspace in the contiguous US? → 1,200 feet AGL
12. Which of the following best describes a key competency required for airfield lighting & signaling in CFC practice? → Strong analytical skills combined with effective communication and ethical judgment
13. What should be included in an emergency message? → Nature, position, altitude, intentions
14. A readability of '3' on the five-point radio readability scale indicates the transmission is: → Readable but with difficulty
15. Which of the following best describes a key competency required for communication equipment operation in CFC practice? → Strong analytical skills combined with effective communication and ethical judgment
16. What does the term 'roger' mean in aviation communications? → Message received and understood
17. What communication requirement applies when entering Class C airspace? → Two-way radio communication must be established with approach control
18. What transponder squawk code indicates an emergency? → 7700
19. How often must pilots update their knowledge of regulatory compliance? → Regularly
20. Which behavior is a fundamental component of effective CRM? → Mutual cross-checking and monitoring of crew actions
21. What is the role of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)? → Sets global aviation standards
22. Why is using standard phraseology important in aviation communications? → Reduces misunderstandings and enhances safety
23. What squawk code indicates unlawful interference or hijacking? → 7500
24. Which of the following best describes a key competency required for international communication standards in CFC practice? → Strong analytical skills combined with effective communication and ethical judgment
25. Why is coordination between ground crew and flight crew essential? → Prevents delays and ensures safety
26. What is the standard phrase to request clearance for takeoff? → Cleared for takeoff
27. When should a crew briefing occur and what is its purpose? → A pre-flight or pre-maneuver review of roles, expectations, and contingencies
28. The urgency signal 'PAN-PAN' (spoken three times) indicates: → An urgency condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or person
29. What does the TEM model stand for in aviation safety? → Threat and Error Management
30. Which device is essential for emergency communication? → Radio transceiver