CET Doppler Echocardiography & Spectral Analysis

Question 1

Which Doppler modality is best suited for measuring high-velocity jets such as severe aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Continuous-wave Doppler

Answer

Pulsed-wave Doppler

Answer

Color flow Doppler

Answer

Tissue Doppler imaging

Question 2

The Nyquist limit in pulsed-wave Doppler is equal to:

Accepted Answer

One-half the pulse repetition frequency (PRF/2)

Answer

The pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

Answer

Twice the pulse repetition frequency (2×PRF)

Answer

The transducer frequency divided by depth

Question 3

On a pulsed-wave Doppler spectral display, flow moving toward the transducer is displayed:

Accepted Answer

Above the baseline

Answer

Below the baseline

Answer

As a bidirectional signal

Answer

With no baseline shift

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the term 'angle of incidence' in Doppler echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

The angle between the ultrasound beam and the direction of blood flow

Answer

The angle between the ultrasound beam and the cardiac wall

Answer

The angle between two ultrasound beams

Answer

The angle of the transducer footprint

Question 5

The modified Bernoulli equation used in echocardiography is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

ΔP = 4V²

Answer

ΔP = 2V²

Answer

ΔP = 8V²

Answer

ΔP = V²/4

Question 6

In color flow Doppler imaging, aliasing is indicated by:

Accepted Answer

A mosaic or variance map pattern where colors reverse at high velocities

Answer

A uniform blue color throughout the cardiac chamber

Answer

Complete absence of color signal

Answer

A purely red signal at all velocities

Question 7

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) differs from conventional Doppler primarily because it measures:

Accepted Answer

Low-velocity myocardial wall motion

Answer

High-velocity blood flow

Answer

Turbulent regurgitant jets

Answer

Pressure gradients across valves