(CET) Certified EKG Technician Practice Test

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A certified ekg technician practice test is the single most effective tool you can use to prepare for the NHA Certified EKG Technician (CET) examination. Whether you are entering the allied health field for the first time or transitioning from another clinical role, passing the CET exam validates your ability to perform electrocardiograms, recognize cardiac rhythms, and support physicians in diagnosing heart conditions. Practice tests simulate the real exam environment so you can build both knowledge and test-taking confidence before exam day arrives.

A certified ekg technician practice test is the single most effective tool you can use to prepare for the NHA Certified EKG Technician (CET) examination. Whether you are entering the allied health field for the first time or transitioning from another clinical role, passing the CET exam validates your ability to perform electrocardiograms, recognize cardiac rhythms, and support physicians in diagnosing heart conditions. Practice tests simulate the real exam environment so you can build both knowledge and test-taking confidence before exam day arrives.

The CET credential, awarded by the National Healthcareer Association (NHA), is recognized by hospitals, cardiology clinics, long-term care facilities, and outpatient centers across the United States. Employers use this certification as a reliable measure of an applicant's clinical competency, which means holding a current CET credential can directly accelerate your job search and improve your starting salary. With the demand for cardiovascular technologists and EKG technicians projected to grow significantly over the next decade, earning this certification now positions you strongly for long-term career success.

Preparing for the CET exam requires more than simply reading a textbook. The exam tests not only foundational cardiac anatomy knowledge but also your ability to apply that knowledge in clinical scenarios. You must understand how normal sinus rhythm differs from pathological rhythms, how to prepare a patient for a 12-lead EKG, how to troubleshoot electrode placement issues, and how to maintain and operate EKG equipment properly. Practice questions that mirror real exam scenarios help you identify gaps in your applied knowledge well before test day.

One of the most common reasons candidates underperform on the CET exam is inadequate practice with time management. The exam provides a fixed time window and covers a broad range of topics, so candidates who have not rehearsed pacing themselves under timed conditions often run short on time in later sections. A structured practice test routine trains your brain to work efficiently, eliminating the panic that comes from unfamiliar question formats and pacing pressure during the actual exam.

The content in this guide covers everything you need to know about the CET exam format, the major domain areas tested, effective study strategies, and how to get the most from your practice sessions. Each section is designed to give you actionable, specific information rather than generic advice. By the time you finish reading and have worked through the practice quizzes available on this page, you will have a clear study plan and measurable confidence in your CET readiness.

Practice quizzes are also invaluable for reinforcing long-term memory retention. Research in cognitive science consistently shows that active recall โ€” retrieving information from memory rather than passively rereading notes โ€” produces far stronger and more durable learning. Each time you answer a practice question, you strengthen the neural pathways associated with that knowledge. When that same concept appears on the real exam, recall becomes faster and more automatic, reducing errors under pressure.

This article provides a full-spectrum preparation roadmap. You will find detailed exam format information, domain-by-domain content breakdowns, study schedule templates, checklists, expert tips, and multiple rounds of targeted practice quizzes covering arrhythmia recognition, cardiac anatomy, and equipment operation. Bookmark this page and return to it throughout your study period โ€” consistency is the key differentiator between candidates who pass on their first attempt and those who need to retake.

CET Exam by the Numbers

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100
Scored Questions
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2 hrs
Exam Time Limit
๐Ÿ’ฐ
$117
NHA Exam Fee
๐ŸŽ“
70%
Approximate Passing Score
๐Ÿ†
$43Kโ€“$64K
Annual EKG Tech Salary Range
Try Free Certified EKG Technician Practice Questions

Understanding what the CET exam actually covers is the foundation of any effective study plan. The exam is built around five major content domains that reflect the real-world responsibilities of an EKG technician working in a clinical setting. Each domain carries a different percentage weight, which tells you how much study time to allocate. Rhythm recognition carries the highest weight at 25%, meaning that if you struggle to differentiate atrial fibrillation from atrial flutter, or cannot identify a first-degree AV block, you will face a disproportionate number of difficult questions on exam day.

The anatomy and physiology domain tests your knowledge of cardiac structures including the four chambers of the heart, the major vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava), the valves (mitral, tricuspid, aortic, pulmonic), and the electrical conduction system. You must understand the role of the sinoatrial node as the heart's primary pacemaker, how the signal travels through the AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, and how disruptions in this pathway produce the arrhythmias visible on an EKG tracing. These concepts underlie your ability to interpret any cardiac rhythm correctly.

The equipment operation and maintenance domain covers the practical technical skills of the role. This includes understanding the 12-lead EKG system โ€” four limb leads (RA, LA, RL, LL) and six precordial chest leads (V1 through V6) โ€” and knowing exactly where each electrode is placed on the patient's body. You must be able to identify common sources of artifact such as muscle tremor, AC interference, wandering baseline, and electrode pop, and know how to troubleshoot each one efficiently. Calibration of the EKG machine and proper paper speed settings (25 mm/sec standard) are also tested.

Patient preparation and procedure questions focus on the steps taken before and during EKG acquisition. This includes obtaining informed consent, explaining the procedure to anxious patients, proper skin preparation (cleaning, clipping if necessary, using abrasive pads to reduce skin resistance), and correct electrode placement. The exam may present scenarios where a patient has a disability, is in pain, or is uncooperative, testing your ability to adapt your approach while still obtaining a high-quality tracing. Patient dignity and privacy during electrode placement on the chest and limbs is also emphasized.

Patient care and safety is a domain that many candidates underestimate. This section tests your knowledge of standard precautions, hand hygiene protocols, proper disposal of single-use electrodes, and how to respond if a patient experiences chest pain, syncope, or respiratory distress during or after the procedure. You should know when to stop the procedure and call for help versus when to proceed and document the patient's condition. Legal and ethical considerations โ€” including patient confidentiality under HIPAA and accurate documentation โ€” are also covered in this domain.

The rhythm recognition domain is the heart of the exam and typically causes the most test anxiety. You must be able to look at a rhythm strip and systematically evaluate rate, regularity, P-wave morphology, PR interval, QRS duration, and QT interval. From those measurements, you should be able to identify normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, SVT, junctional rhythms, PVCs, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and heart blocks of varying degrees. This systematic approach โ€” rather than guessing by gestalt โ€” is what separates consistent performers from inconsistent ones.

One commonly overlooked aspect of CET exam preparation is pacing yourself across all five domains rather than drilling obsessively on just one. Candidates who focus exclusively on rhythm strips, for example, sometimes neglect equipment troubleshooting or patient safety and lose easy points in those sections. A balanced approach โ€” spending proportional time on each domain relative to its exam weight โ€” produces the most consistent overall score improvement. Use your practice test results as a diagnostic tool to find which domains need more attention, then allocate your remaining study time accordingly.

CET Arrhythmia Recognition
Test your ability to identify common and critical cardiac rhythm patterns on EKG strips
CET Arrhythmia Recognition 2
Advanced arrhythmia scenarios covering heart blocks, SVT, and ventricular rhythms

CET Study Strategies by Domain

๐Ÿ“‹ Rhythm Recognition

Rhythm recognition is best learned through systematic, repetitive exposure to real EKG strips rather than memorizing descriptions. Start by mastering the five-step analysis method: calculate rate (count R-to-R intervals or use the 1500 method), assess regularity, examine P-wave presence and morphology, measure the PR interval, and measure the QRS duration. Apply this method to every strip you encounter, even when the rhythm looks immediately obvious, until the process becomes automatic and takes fewer than 30 seconds.

Once you are comfortable with the five-step method, progress to practicing with rhythm strips that include artifact, unusual lead placements, or simultaneous conditions such as a normal sinus rhythm with frequent PVCs. Work through at least 20 rhythm strips per study session during the final two weeks before your exam. Use flashcard apps, online drill banks, and the arrhythmia recognition quizzes on this page to maximize variety. Track which rhythms you misidentify most often โ€” those are your highest-priority targets for additional review.

๐Ÿ“‹ Cardiac Anatomy

Cardiac anatomy questions on the CET exam often connect anatomical structures to their functional role or to what happens clinically when they malfunction. For example, knowing that the mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle matters most when you understand that mitral stenosis increases left atrial pressure and can produce atrial fibrillation. Build your anatomy knowledge in connected frameworks โ€” structure, function, and clinical consequence โ€” rather than isolated memorization of names and locations, which is harder to retain and less useful on scenario-based questions.

Draw the conduction system from memory at least once per study session. Start with the SA node in the right atrium, trace the impulse through the internodal pathways to the AV node, down the bundle of His, through the right and left bundle branches, and out to the Purkinje fibers in the ventricular walls. Label each structure and write the normal timing beside each node. This active recall exercise takes under five minutes but dramatically improves long-term retention of the sequence, which directly supports your ability to identify blocks and delays on rhythm strips.

๐Ÿ“‹ Equipment & Patient Prep

Equipment operation and patient preparation questions are often considered easier than rhythm recognition, but careless errors in this domain cost many candidates valuable points. The most commonly missed questions involve precordial lead placement โ€” specifically V1 and V2 (fourth intercostal space, right and left sternal border respectively) versus V3 and V4 (between V2/V4 and fourth intercostal space midclavicular line). Memorize the exact anatomical landmarks for all six chest leads and practice locating them on a diagram without looking at notes. One misplaced electrode can dramatically alter QRS morphology and produce misleading tracings.

For patient preparation questions, focus on why each step matters rather than just what to do. Skin preparation reduces electrode impedance, which decreases artifact and improves signal quality. Proper patient positioning (supine with arms relaxed at sides, legs uncrossed) reduces muscle artifact from postural tension. Knowing the reasoning behind each procedural step helps you answer scenario-based questions where the correct action is not explicitly stated but must be derived from your understanding of the underlying principle. Practice these concepts with the Equipment Operation quizzes available on this page to reinforce your procedural knowledge.

CET Certification: Is It Worth It?

Pros

  • Nationally recognized credential accepted by hospitals and clinics across all 50 states
  • Opens doors to higher-paying positions compared to uncertified EKG technician roles
  • Demonstrates clinical competency to employers, accelerating the hiring process
  • Provides a clear career pathway toward advanced cardiovascular technology roles
  • Credential renewal every two years keeps your skills current with clinical standards
  • Relatively accessible exam compared to RN or RT credentials, achievable with focused preparation

Cons

  • Exam fee of $117 plus potential retake fees can be a financial burden for some candidates
  • Requires documented clinical experience or completion of an approved training program
  • Biennial renewal requires continuing education hours, adding ongoing time commitment
  • Credential does not automatically qualify you for advanced cardiac procedures like stress testing
  • Some employers in smaller markets may not differentiate certified from uncertified applicants
  • Exam difficulty is frequently underestimated, leading candidates to underprepare for rhythm recognition
CET Cardiac Anatomy
Review heart structures, conduction pathways, and cardiac physiology tested on the CET exam
CET Cardiac Anatomy 2
Advanced cardiac anatomy covering valves, vessels, and clinical correlations for CET success

CET Exam Readiness Checklist

Complete at least three full-length timed practice tests under realistic exam conditions
Score 75% or higher consistently across all five domain areas before scheduling your exam
Identify and review every rhythm strip you answered incorrectly in your practice sessions
Memorize the exact anatomical landmark for all 10 EKG electrode placement sites
Review and practice the five-step systematic approach to rhythm analysis until it is automatic
Study artifact identification and know the corrective action for each type of artifact
Review infection control, standard precautions, and HIPAA patient privacy requirements
Practice explaining the EKG procedure in plain language as if speaking to an anxious patient
Confirm your NHA exam registration, testing center location, and required identification documents
Prepare your exam-day materials: ID, confirmation number, and a stress management plan
Rhythm Recognition Accounts for the Largest Single Domain โ€” Practice Daily

At 25% of the scored exam, rhythm recognition is your highest-leverage study target. Candidates who spend at least 15 minutes per day on rhythm strip drills in the final three weeks before their exam consistently report feeling more confident and less rushed during this section. Even five correctly analyzed strips per day compounds into a significant advantage by test day.

Using practice tests effectively requires more than simply taking them โ€” it requires a deliberate review process that transforms every wrong answer into a learning opportunity. After completing a practice quiz, resist the urge to immediately check your score and move on. Instead, go back through every question you answered incorrectly and every question you answered correctly but were unsure about. For each one, identify whether your error was a knowledge gap, a misread question, or a reasoning mistake. Each error type has a different remedy.

Knowledge gaps โ€” cases where you simply did not know the material โ€” require you to go back to your study resources and learn the concept properly. Do not just read the correct answer explanation and assume you now know it. Look up the concept in your textbook or a reputable clinical reference, understand the underlying mechanism, and then write a brief summary in your own words. This deeper engagement creates stronger, more durable memory than passive reading. Return to that concept in your next practice session to verify that the learning stuck.

Misread questions are surprisingly common and often reflect test-taking habits rather than actual knowledge deficits. Many CET candidates miss questions because they read quickly and overlook qualifying words such as "most likely," "first priority," "except," or "least appropriate." Train yourself to slow down on questions containing these words and to identify exactly what is being asked before looking at the answer choices. Practicing this habit during every practice quiz gradually eliminates careless misread errors from your performance.

Reasoning mistakes occur when you know the relevant facts but apply them incorrectly in a clinical scenario. For example, you might know that ventricular fibrillation requires immediate defibrillation, but misidentify a coarse VF strip as ventricular tachycardia and select a different management approach. These errors are corrected by practicing scenario-based questions at increasing levels of complexity and by reviewing the clinical decision-making frameworks that govern EKG interpretation and emergency response protocols.

Timing yourself is essential, but how you manage your time during practice also matters. During early practice sessions, allow yourself additional time per question so you can apply systematic analysis without rushing. As your exam date approaches, gradually reduce your per-question time budget to match the real exam pace of approximately 45 seconds per question on average. This progressive pacing approach prevents the jarring transition from unlimited-time practice to rigid timed exam conditions that many candidates find destabilizing.

Spaced repetition is another powerful technique for CET preparation. Rather than reviewing all your material in one long session, spread your practice across multiple shorter sessions over several days. Review previously missed questions 24 hours after initially missing them, then again 72 hours later, and once more a week before your exam. This spaced review schedule exploits the psychological spacing effect, a well-documented phenomenon where information reviewed at increasing intervals is retained far longer and more reliably than information reviewed in a single cramming session.

Finally, track your progress quantitatively. Keep a simple spreadsheet or notebook that records your score on each practice quiz by domain. Watching your scores improve over time is motivating, and the data tells you objectively which domains still need work. Many candidates discover that their weakest domain early in preparation becomes a strong point by exam day simply because they identified it early and targeted it deliberately. Without tracking, you may continue spending time on already-mastered material while neglecting the gaps that will cost you points on the real exam.

The final week before your CET exam should look very different from your earlier preparation phases. This is not the time to learn new material โ€” if a concept is not in your memory by now, cramming it in during the final 72 hours is unlikely to help and may increase anxiety. Instead, use your final week to consolidate and sharpen what you already know. Focus on reviewing your most commonly missed question types, running through rhythm recognition drills at timed pace, and reinforcing the procedural steps for electrode placement and artifact correction.

Sleep is one of the most underrated components of exam preparation. Research consistently shows that sleep deprivation impairs working memory, slows information processing, and increases the likelihood of careless errors โ€” all of which directly harm exam performance. In the three nights before your exam, prioritize getting at least seven to eight hours of sleep per night. Avoid the temptation to stay up late studying the night before the exam; a rested brain outperforms a fatigued one regardless of how much additional material you reviewed in those extra hours.

Nutrition and hydration on exam day affect cognitive performance more than most candidates realize. Eat a balanced meal with adequate protein and complex carbohydrates before your exam โ€” this stabilizes blood glucose and supports sustained concentration throughout the two-hour testing period. Bring water if the testing center allows it. Avoid consuming excessive caffeine, which can increase heart rate and anxiety levels, potentially affecting your concentration and comfort during the exam.

Arrive at the testing center early โ€” at least 20 to 30 minutes before your scheduled start time. This buffer allows you to complete check-in, get settled, and calm any pre-exam nerves without the added stress of rushing. Bring your required government-issued photo ID and your NHA exam confirmation number. Know in advance what items are not allowed in the testing room (cell phones, notes, watches with calculators) so you are not caught off guard during the check-in process.

During the exam, if you encounter a question you are not immediately sure about, use the mark-and-review feature to flag it and move on. Do not spend more than 60 to 90 seconds on any single question during your first pass through the exam. Answer every question you are confident about first, then return to flagged questions with the remaining time. This approach ensures you collect all the easy points first and then devote focused attention to the harder questions rather than running out of time while stuck on one difficult item early in the exam.

Read the answer choices before fully committing to your selected answer. On multiple-choice exams, it is common for candidates to select the first plausible answer without fully reading the remaining options. The CET exam often includes distractors that are partially correct or correct in a different context. Reading all four answer choices before selecting forces you to make an active comparison rather than stopping at the first familiar-sounding option, which can reveal a more accurate or complete answer that you would otherwise miss.

After the exam, regardless of outcome, take time to rest and recover before thinking about next steps. If you passed, celebrate โ€” earning the CET credential is a meaningful professional achievement that took real effort and preparation. If you did not pass on your first attempt, the NHA provides a score report that shows your performance by domain, which gives you a precise roadmap for your retake preparation.

Most candidates who fail the first attempt and use that diagnostic information strategically pass on their second attempt, particularly when they add structured practice with targeted quizzes like those available throughout this page.

Practice EKG Arrhythmia Recognition โ€” Free Quiz Round 2

Beyond passing the CET exam, developing strong EKG interpretation habits during your preparation will serve you throughout your clinical career. The most effective EKG technicians are not those who memorize a list of rhythms by appearance alone but those who understand the electrophysiology behind each pattern. When you understand that atrial fibrillation results from chaotic, disorganized electrical activity in the atrial tissue โ€” producing irregularly irregular R-to-R intervals and the absence of distinct P waves โ€” you can correctly identify it even when the strip looks slightly different from the textbook example due to patient-specific variation or tracing artifact.

Build a habit of systematic documentation every time you perform an EKG in clinical practice. Record the date, time, patient position, lead placement verification, any symptoms reported by the patient during the procedure, and any artifact observed and how it was corrected. This documentation habit not only protects you legally but also creates a clinical record that helps physicians compare tracings over time to detect changes in the patient's cardiac status. Employers and clinical supervisors consistently rate documentation quality as one of the top differentiators between good and excellent EKG technicians.

Patient communication is a soft skill that directly affects the quality of your EKG tracings. Anxious or tense patients produce more muscle artifact, move during the acquisition, and may breathe rapidly, all of which degrade tracing quality. Learning to explain the procedure clearly and calmly, answer patient questions about why the EKG is being performed, and create a reassuring environment significantly improves tracing quality in real-world clinical settings. The CET exam tests this communication skill through scenario-based questions, so developing it during your preparation also directly improves your exam performance.

Continuing education after passing the CET exam is required for recertification, but the most clinically effective technicians treat ongoing learning as an intrinsic professional value rather than a compliance requirement. Subscribe to cardiology newsletters, attend hospital-sponsored cardiac monitoring workshops, and seek opportunities to work alongside cardiologists or cardiac nurses who can provide expert feedback on your rhythm interpretation skills. This continuous learning mindset keeps your skills sharp and positions you for advancement into higher-responsibility roles such as cardiac monitoring technician, stress test technician, or Holter monitor technician.

Networking with other CET-credentialed professionals is another underutilized strategy for career development. Joining professional associations such as Cardiovascular Credentialing International (CCI) or staying connected with your NHA candidate community connects you with peers who share relevant job leads, share study resources, and provide support during challenging moments in the certification process. Many candidates who struggled with the exam credit peer study groups with providing both the accountability and the diverse perspectives needed to finally master difficult concepts.

Consider supplementing your CET credential with related certifications once you have gained some clinical experience. The Certified Cardiographic Technician (CCT) credential from CCI, for example, recognizes a higher level of competency in ambulatory monitoring and telemetry interpretation. The Registered Cardiac Electrophysiology Specialist (RCES) is another advanced credential for technicians who want to specialize in invasive electrophysiology procedures. Each additional credential expands your clinical scope and earning potential, creating a structured career ladder that rewards continued investment in your professional development.

Remember that the CET exam is ultimately a measurement of the skills and knowledge you need to provide safe, accurate cardiac monitoring to real patients. Every hour you spend preparing โ€” working through practice questions, reviewing rhythm strips, studying electrode placement โ€” is not just exam preparation. It is professional development that directly improves the quality of care you will deliver throughout your career. Approach your preparation with that broader purpose in mind, and both your exam performance and your long-term clinical effectiveness will reflect that commitment to excellence.

CET CET Equipment Operation and Maintenance
Practice EKG lead placement, artifact troubleshooting, and machine calibration for the CET exam
CET CET Equipment Operation and Maintenance 2
Advanced equipment scenarios covering electrode placement errors and signal quality optimization

CET Questions and Answers

How many questions are on the CET exam?

The NHA CET exam contains 120 total questions: 100 scored questions and 20 unscored pretest questions distributed throughout the exam. You will not be able to identify which questions are unscored, so treat every question as if it counts. The exam covers five domains including rhythm recognition, cardiac anatomy, equipment operation, patient preparation, and patient care and safety.

What score do you need to pass the CET exam?

The NHA CET exam uses a scaled scoring system with a range of 200 to 500. The minimum passing scaled score is 390, which corresponds roughly to answering approximately 70% of scored questions correctly. Because the exam is scaled based on question difficulty, the exact number of correct answers needed to reach a score of 390 can vary slightly between different exam versions administered to different candidates.

How long does it take to prepare for the CET exam?

Most candidates with some healthcare background need four to eight weeks of consistent, structured study to pass the CET exam on their first attempt. Candidates with no prior cardiac or clinical experience may need eight to twelve weeks. The key variable is not total time but consistency โ€” studying one to two hours per day six days per week produces better results than sporadic multi-hour cramming sessions in the days immediately before the exam.

What topics are most important to study for the CET exam?

Rhythm recognition is the highest-weighted domain at approximately 25% of the exam, making it the most important topic to master. After rhythm recognition, prioritize equipment operation and maintenance (21%), patient care and safety (19%), cardiac anatomy and physiology (18%), and patient preparation and procedure (17%). Allocate your study time roughly in proportion to these weights, but spend extra time on any domain where your practice test scores are below 70%.

Can I take the CET exam without work experience?

Yes, but only if you have completed an approved EKG technician training program. The NHA accepts candidates who have graduated from an accredited training program as an alternative to the one-year work experience requirement. If you have neither formal training nor clinical experience, you must complete an approved educational program before you are eligible to sit for the exam. Check the NHA website for a list of approved programs in your state.

How much does the CET exam cost?

The NHA charges $117 for the CET exam registration fee. If you need to retake the exam, the same fee applies for each attempt. Some approved training programs include the exam voucher in their program tuition, which can reduce your out-of-pocket cost. Check with your training program before purchasing an exam voucher separately to avoid paying twice. Study materials, practice tests, and review books are additional costs to budget for in your preparation.

What is the CET exam pass rate?

The NHA does not publicly publish an official first-attempt pass rate for the CET exam. However, industry estimates based on candidate survey data suggest that first-time pass rates range from approximately 55% to 70%, depending on the candidate's preparation level and clinical background. Candidates who complete structured training programs and use practice tests consistently before their exam date pass at significantly higher rates than those who rely solely on self-directed reading.

How long is the CET credential valid?

The NHA CET credential is valid for two years from the date of certification. To renew, you must complete 10 continuing education (CE) credits during the two-year period and submit a renewal application before your credential expiration date. CE credits can be earned through approved online courses, workshops, conferences, and professional association activities. Allowing your credential to lapse requires you to re-examine rather than simply renewing, so track your expiration date carefully.

What is the difference between a CET and a CCT credential?

The CET (Certified EKG Technician) is awarded by the NHA and focuses on resting 12-lead EKG acquisition, basic rhythm recognition, and equipment operation โ€” foundational skills for entry-level EKG technician roles. The CCT (Certified Cardiographic Technician) is awarded by Cardiovascular Credentialing International (CCI) and covers a broader scope including ambulatory monitoring, telemetry, and Holter interpretation. The CCT is generally considered a more advanced credential appropriate for technicians with one or more years of clinical experience.

How should I identify artifacts on the CET exam?

Artifact identification questions on the CET exam typically present a rhythm strip with a specific type of interference and ask you to identify the cause or the correct corrective action. The four most commonly tested artifacts are: AC interference (60-cycle, regular fuzzy baseline โ€” caused by electrical equipment; correct by checking lead connections and repositioning leads away from power sources), somatic tremor (irregular baseline movement โ€” caused by patient movement or shivering; correct by repositioning or warming the patient), wandering baseline (slow undulation โ€” caused by breathing or poor electrode contact; correct by re-prepping the skin), and lead pop (sudden spike โ€” caused by electrode detachment; correct by re-attaching the electrode securely).
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