Certified Elevator Technician (CET) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: In an elevator safety circuit, what is a 'series circuit' configuration used for?

Ensuring that ALL safety contacts must be closed for the elevator to run (Correct answer)
Reducing voltage drop across each individual safety contact
Providing redundancy so the system runs if any contact is closed
Distributing power to multiple loads simultaneously

Correct answer: Ensuring that ALL safety contacts must be closed for the elevator to run

Safety devices are wired in series so that opening ANY single safety contact interrupts the entire circuit and stops elevator operation, providing a fail-safe architecture.

Question 2: Under ASME A17.1, what is the maximum allowable governor tripping speed for a traction elevator traveling at 200 fpm?

240 fpm (Correct answer)
220 fpm
280 fpm
260 fpm

Correct answer: 240 fpm

ASME A17.1 requires the governor tripping speed to be not more than 140% of rated speed, so 200 fpm × 1.20 = 240 fpm maximum.

Question 3: A passenger elevator installed in a new building covered by ADA must have a minimum weight capacity of how many pounds?

2,000 lbs (907 kg)
1,500 lbs (680 kg) (Correct answer)
2,500 lbs (1,134 kg)
1,000 lbs (454 kg)

Correct answer: 1,500 lbs (680 kg)

ADA Section 407.4.1 requires accessible elevators to have a rated load capacity of at least 1,500 lbs to accommodate power wheelchairs, scooters, and attendants.

Question 4: In a gearless traction machine, what directly drives the sheave?

A belt and pulley reduction system
A helical gearbox
A worm gear connected to the motor shaft
The motor rotor shaft without intermediate gearing (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The motor rotor shaft without intermediate gearing

Gearless machines connect the sheave directly to a slow-speed, high-torque motor, eliminating gearbox losses and noise.

Question 5: In an elevator control circuit, what does a 'slowdown' switch typically do?

Switches the motor from high to low speed winding
Stops the car at the terminal floor immediately
Engages the emergency brake system
Signals the controller to begin deceleration before reaching a landing (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Signals the controller to begin deceleration before reaching a landing

A slowdown switch triggers the controller to initiate deceleration so the car arrives at a landing at proper leveling speed.

Question 6: Which standard of practice is MOST important for ensuring quality in Traction Elevator Mechanics?

Strictly adhering to the same procedure in every situation
Minimizing documentation to focus on practical work
Using the most advanced technology available regardless of need
Following evidence-based protocols while adapting to specific circumstances (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Following evidence-based protocols while adapting to specific circumstances

Evidence-based protocols provide a foundation of proven practices, but effective Certified Elevator Technician professionals must also adapt their approach based on specific circumstances and individual case needs within Traction Elevator Mechanics.

Question 7: Which of the following is NOT a required feature of the in-car Phase II firefighters' service switch?

It must be key-operated
It must have an 'ON' and 'OFF' position
It must automatically call for help when activated (Correct answer)
It must be located in the car operating panel

Correct answer: It must automatically call for help when activated

Phase II switches must be key-operated with ON/OFF positions in the car operating panel, but they do not have an automatic distress call function.

Question 8: What is the function of the elevator buffer?

Absorb energy at the shaft base (Correct answer)
Control door movement
Provide car acceleration
Measure car weight

Correct answer: Absorb energy at the shaft base

Buffers are installed at the bottom of the hoistway to absorb impact and stop the car safely if it travels too far downward.

Question 9: What is the purpose of a 'door zone' signal in a microprocessor elevator controller?

Triggers the door open command only when the car is within ±3 inches of a landing (Correct answer)
Enables the car to level within a defined zone of the floor
Activates hall lantern indicators
Inhibits the safety circuit when the car is near a floor

Correct answer: Triggers the door open command only when the car is within ±3 inches of a landing

The door zone signal confirms the car is within approximately ±3 inches of a landing, enabling the door operator to open safely.

Question 10: Undercut grooves on a traction sheave are used primarily to:

Reduce rope wear
Decrease sheave weight
Increase traction by raising the effective friction coefficient (Correct answer)
Improve rope centering

Correct answer: Increase traction by raising the effective friction coefficient

Undercut grooves create a higher contact pressure on the rope sides rather than the bottom, effectively increasing the traction coefficient.

Question 11: How does risk management apply to daily practice in Door Operators & Interlocks for Certified Elevator Technician professionals?

By avoiding high-risk situations entirely
Through proactive identification of potential hazards and implementation of preventive measures (Correct answer)
Only through responding to incidents after they occur
Through annual safety audits exclusively

Correct answer: Through proactive identification of potential hazards and implementation of preventive measures

Effective risk management in Door Operators & Interlocks requires proactive hazard identification and preventive measures, not just reactive responses. This approach reduces incidents, improves outcomes, and protects both professionals and clients.

Question 12: What does a negative or reverse phase relay protect against in an elevator system?

Overloading of the hoisting motor
Overvoltage on the main line
Incorrect motor rotation due to swapped power phases (Correct answer)
Ground faults in the control panel

Correct answer: Incorrect motor rotation due to swapped power phases

A reverse phase relay detects incorrect phase sequence and prevents the motor from running in the wrong direction, which could cause the car to travel opposite the commanded direction.

Question 13: What must be verified before performing the final acceptance test on a newly installed elevator?

That all required inspections, adjustments, and safety device tests are complete and documented (Correct answer)
That at least 3 trips have been logged in the controller
Only that the car lights work
That the machine room temperature is below 70°F

Correct answer: That all required inspections, adjustments, and safety device tests are complete and documented

All components must be properly installed, adjusted, and tested—including safeties, buffers, governor, and interlocks—and records must be available before final acceptance.

Question 14: In Fire Service & Emergency Operations, what is the FIRST step a CET professional should take when encountering a new case or situation?

Conduct a comprehensive assessment and gather all relevant information (Correct answer)
Consult with a supervisor before taking any action
Implement an immediate solution based on past experience
Document the situation and wait for further instructions

Correct answer: Conduct a comprehensive assessment and gather all relevant information

In Fire Service & Emergency Operations, a thorough initial assessment ensures all relevant factors are identified before deciding on an appropriate course of action. This systematic approach is fundamental to Certified Elevator Technician practice.

Question 15: A firefighter using Phase II service presses a floor button but the doors do not close. What most likely caused this?

Phase I has not been deactivated at the lobby panel
The door close limit switch has failed permanently
The door open button is being held simultaneously (Correct answer)
The elevator needs to be reset to Phase I before Phase II works

Correct answer: The door open button is being held simultaneously

In Phase II, doors will not close if the door open button is being held; releasing it allows the close button to function.

Question 16: Under ASME A17.1, what is the required action of a hydraulic elevator when Phase I recall is initiated?

Lower to the pit and remain there
Remain at the current floor with doors closed
Lower to the lowest landing with doors open
Travel to the designated level and park with doors open (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Travel to the designated level and park with doors open

Hydraulic elevators must respond to Phase I recall by traveling to the designated level and parking with doors open, just like traction elevators.

Question 17: What is the purpose of pit ladders and lighting in elevator shafts?

Allow safe access and visibility (Correct answer)
Keep animals out of shaft
Support hydraulic pressure
Improve speed of travel

Correct answer: Allow safe access and visibility

Pit ladders and adequate lighting are safety requirements allowing technicians to enter and exit the pit safely for inspections and repairs.

Question 18: A PVC (polyvinyl chloride) casing is installed around a single-bottom hydraulic cylinder primarily to:

Protect the cylinder from seismic damage
Contain any oil released from a cylinder leak and prevent soil contamination (Correct answer)
Increase the structural strength of the cylinder
Reduce heat loss from the hydraulic fluid

Correct answer: Contain any oil released from a cylinder leak and prevent soil contamination

The PVC casing acts as a secondary containment vessel, capturing leaked fluid before it can contaminate surrounding soil or groundwater.

Question 19: During a traction elevator modernization, the new controller requires a separate equipment grounding conductor. Why is this important?

To increase car speed
To reduce the weight of the traveling cable
To provide a low-impedance fault return path and protect sensitive electronics from noise (Correct answer)
To satisfy fire alarm system requirements

Correct answer: To provide a low-impedance fault return path and protect sensitive electronics from noise

A dedicated equipment grounding conductor ensures a low-impedance path for fault currents and reduces electrical noise that can disrupt microprocessor-based controls.

Question 20: When troubleshooting an elevator that won't respond to hall calls but runs normally on car calls, which system is most likely at fault?

The door operator control board
The car operating panel (COP) wiring
The hall call system — buttons, wiring, or the hall call input circuit in the controller (Correct answer)
The motor drive encoder feedback

Correct answer: The hall call system — buttons, wiring, or the hall call input circuit in the controller

Normal car call operation confirms the drive, safety circuit, and car controls are functional, isolating the fault to the hall call input circuits, hall buttons, or the controller's hall call processing.

Question 21: In elevator electrical work, what does 'megger testing' verify?

Continuity of the safety circuit chain
Insulation resistance of wiring, motors, and cables (Correct answer)
Motor shaft alignment and bearing condition
Correct phase sequence of the main power supply

Correct answer: Insulation resistance of wiring, motors, and cables

A megohmmeter (megger) applies high DC voltage to measure insulation resistance, verifying that insulation has not degraded due to moisture, heat, or age.

Question 22: Under ASME A17.1, an escalator machine room or machinery space must have a minimum headroom clearance of:

6 ft 0 in
7 ft 0 in
7 ft 6 in
6 ft 6 in (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 6 ft 6 in

ASME A17.1 requires at least 6 ft 6 in (1981 mm) of clear headroom in escalator machine rooms to allow safe maintenance access.

Question 23: When replacing a drum-type elevator machine with a geared traction machine during modernization, what critical recalculation must be performed?

Pit depth measurement
Counterweight balance and rope factor of safety (Correct answer)
Number of floors the elevator serves
Paint color selection for the machine room

Correct answer: Counterweight balance and rope factor of safety

Counterweight sizing and rope factor of safety must be recalculated to ensure safe operation with the new traction machine configuration.

Question 24: The 'Category 5 test' for elevators under ASME A17.1 requires which type of load test?

No-load test at rated speed
125% rated load static test
Full rated load test with safety device actuation (Correct answer)
150% rated load dynamic test

Correct answer: Full rated load test with safety device actuation

A Category 5 test is a full load test that includes actuation of the safety device with the rated load in the car to verify the car safety system can stop and hold the load.

Question 25: What is the purpose of a hydraulic elevator 'load-weighing' device in a variable-speed system?

To measure fluid level in the reservoir
To trigger an overload alarm if passengers exceed rated capacity
To automatically level the car at each floor
To adjust pump output pressure and flow to optimize performance based on car load (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To adjust pump output pressure and flow to optimize performance based on car load

Load-weighing devices provide feedback to the valve controller so the system can pre-adjust flow and pressure for smooth starts regardless of load.

Question 26: Which standard of practice is MOST important for ensuring quality in Accessibility & ADA Compliance?

Minimizing documentation to focus on practical work
Strictly adhering to the same procedure in every situation
Using the most advanced technology available regardless of need
Following evidence-based protocols while adapting to specific circumstances (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Following evidence-based protocols while adapting to specific circumstances

Question 27: When firefighters activate Phase I Emergency Recall using the key switch, elevators should return to the designated level within how many seconds for a travel time not exceeding 60 seconds?

60 seconds (Correct answer)
30 seconds
90 seconds
120 seconds

Correct answer: 60 seconds

ASME A17.1 requires elevators to return to the designated level within 60 seconds when travel time does not exceed 60 seconds.

Question 28: Which of the following conditions would cause a 'door open fault' on a microprocessor-based door operator during a closing cycle?

The motor current exceeds the rated amperage for more than 5 seconds
The door fails to reach the fully closed position within the allotted time (Correct answer)
The door closes faster than the programmed high-speed profile
The light curtain detects a break during the open dwell period

Correct answer: The door fails to reach the fully closed position within the allotted time

A door open fault is triggered when the door fails to complete its travel to the fully closed position within the controller's preset time window.

Question 29: How does risk management apply to daily practice in Fire Service & Emergency Operations for Certified Elevator Technician professionals?

Only through responding to incidents after they occur
Through annual safety audits exclusively
Through proactive identification of potential hazards and implementation of preventive measures (Correct answer)
By avoiding high-risk situations entirely

Correct answer: Through proactive identification of potential hazards and implementation of preventive measures

Effective risk management in Fire Service & Emergency Operations requires proactive hazard identification and preventive measures, not just reactive responses. This approach reduces incidents, improves outcomes, and protects both professionals and clients.

Question 30: During a traction elevator modernization, the existing wire rope is found to have broken wires within the allowable limit but shows significant corrosion. What is the correct action?

Continue using the rope until the broken wire limit is exceeded
Replace the ropes because corrosion is an independent disqualifying condition (Correct answer)
Document the corrosion and proceed with modernization
Apply additional lubrication and re-inspect in 30 days

Correct answer: Replace the ropes because corrosion is an independent disqualifying condition

Corrosion is an independent condition requiring rope replacement, regardless of broken wire count, because it compromises tensile strength unpredictably.

Question 31: How often must routine safety inspections typically be conducted on commercial elevators?

Every 5 years
Annually (Correct answer)
When requested by building owner
Only before installation

Correct answer: Annually

Most jurisdictions require annual safety inspections to ensure continued safe operation and compliance with code requirements.

Question 32: When an elevator is taken out of service for maintenance, ASME A17.1 requires that the car doors be locked or the car be parked:

At the main landing with doors open
At any landing with a barricade
At the top floor with doors open
At the bottom landing with doors closed (Correct answer)

Correct answer: At the bottom landing with doors closed

When taken out of service, the elevator car should be parked at the bottom terminal landing with the car and hoistway doors closed and locked to prevent access.

Question 33: Which federal law requires elevators in places of employment to meet accessibility standards for persons with disabilities?

Fair Housing Act
OSHA 29 CFR 1910
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (Correct answer)
Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Correct answer: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that elevators in places of public accommodation and commercial facilities meet accessibility standards.

Question 34: What is the purpose of a 'top-of-car inspection' (TOCI) station in elevator electrical design?

Transfers control authority to the car top, limits speed to inspection speed, and requires continuous pressure operation (Correct answer)
Bypasses the door contacts during annual inspection
Allows the motor room technician to monitor the car position from above
Provides emergency lighting for hoistway inspection

Correct answer: Transfers control authority to the car top, limits speed to inspection speed, and requires continuous pressure operation

The TOCI station transfers control to the car top, restricts speed to no more than 150 ft/min (inspection speed), and requires constant-pressure operation for safe personnel movement.

Question 35: In a solid-state relay (SSR) used in an elevator controller, what triggers the output switching?

A low-power control signal that activates the internal semiconductor switch (Correct answer)
Mechanical contact closure from an armature
Magnetic flux from a solenoid coil
Thermal expansion of the bimetallic strip

Correct answer: A low-power control signal that activates the internal semiconductor switch

An SSR uses a low-level DC or AC control signal to switch a semiconductor device (triac, SCR, or transistor) that controls the load circuit with no moving mechanical parts.

Question 36: In Modernization & Upgrades, what is the FIRST step a CET professional should take when encountering a new case or situation?

Document the situation and wait for further instructions
Implement an immediate solution based on past experience
Consult with a supervisor before taking any action
Conduct a comprehensive assessment and gather all relevant information (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Conduct a comprehensive assessment and gather all relevant information

In Modernization & Upgrades, a thorough initial assessment ensures all relevant factors are identified before deciding on an appropriate course of action. This systematic approach is fundamental to Certified Elevator Technician practice.

Question 37: What does a 'brake pick' coil do in a dual-coil electromagnetic elevator brake?

Maintains the brake in the released position after the lift coil has acted
Both provides initial high current to open the brake and maintains release with lower current (Correct answer)
Controls the brake release timing relative to motor torque buildup
Provides the initial high-current pulse to rapidly release the brake

Correct answer: Both provides initial high current to open the brake and maintains release with lower current

In a dual-coil brake, the pick (lift) coil provides high initial current to rapidly open the brake while the hold coil then maintains the open position at lower power, reducing heat generation.

Question 38: What is the maximum permitted gap between the escalator step riser and the step tread of the following step in the incline section?

3/8 inch
1/2 inch
1/4 inch
3/16 inch (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 3/16 inch

ASME A17.1 limits the gap between step components to 3/16 inch (4.76 mm) to prevent entrapment of small feet or footwear.

Question 39: According to ASME A17.1, the maximum pressure above which a hydraulic elevator relief valve must open is:

150% of working pressure
125% of working pressure (Correct answer)
200% of working pressure
110% of working pressure

Correct answer: 125% of working pressure

ASME A17.1 requires the relief valve to open at no more than 125% of the system working pressure to protect against overpressure.

Question 40: A property owner wants to increase an elevator's speed from 100 FPM to 200 FPM during a modernization. Which component is most likely to require replacement due to this speed increase?

The car flooring
The hall lanterns
The machine room ventilation
The governor (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The governor

The governor must be replaced because its tripping speed is calibrated for the original contract speed, not the new higher speed.

Question 41: What is the role of the deflector sheave in a traction elevator machine room?

Regulates motor speed
Supports the governor rope
Measures hoist rope tension
Changes the direction of hoist ropes to achieve proper wrap angle on the drive sheave (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Changes the direction of hoist ropes to achieve proper wrap angle on the drive sheave

The deflector sheave redirects the hoist ropes from the drive sheave to the counterweight, ensuring proper rope fleet angle and traction sheave contact arc.

Question 42: What must be verified before energizing an elevator system that has had the traveling cable replaced?

That the new cable has the same outer jacket color as the original
That the cable manufacturer is on the approved vendor list
That all conductors are correctly landed, insulation resistance is acceptable, and no short circuits exist (Correct answer)
That the cable length is exactly equal to the hoistway height

Correct answer: That all conductors are correctly landed, insulation resistance is acceptable, and no short circuits exist

Before energizing, technicians must verify correct terminations at both ends, perform a megger test for insulation integrity, and confirm continuity without shorts between conductors.

Question 43: A hydraulic elevator car drifts downward more than 3/8 inch within 5 minutes after arrival. According to ASME A17.1, this indicates:

Excessive valve leakage that must be corrected before continued operation (Correct answer)
Normal behavior due to thermal contraction of the fluid
An improperly adjusted up-limit switch
A pump that is oversized for the application

Correct answer: Excessive valve leakage that must be corrected before continued operation

ASME A17.1 sets a maximum allowable settlement limit; excessive drift indicates internal valve leakage that must be repaired to maintain safe leveling.

Question 44: How is governor tripping speed verified during a periodic test?

By measuring governor sheave RPM with a tachometer at rated speed
By reviewing the manufacturer's nameplate only
By checking the flyweight spring tension only
By overspending the car until the governor trips and recording car speed (Correct answer)

Correct answer: By overspending the car until the governor trips and recording car speed

Governor tripping speed is verified by running the elevator at increasing speeds until the governor trips, with car speed measured by an independent means.

Question 45: What is the purpose of the retiring cam on a car door operator?

Provides the electrical interlock signal to the controller
Engages the hoistway door coupling when the car arrives at a landing (Correct answer)
Limits the speed of the car door during closing
Prevents the hoistway door from bouncing open after closing

Correct answer: Engages the hoistway door coupling when the car arrives at a landing

The retiring cam extends when the car approaches a landing to mechanically engage the hoistway door coupling device, enabling the car door operator to open the hoistway door.

Question 46: What is the function of an 'up-direction' contactor in a traditional relay-logic elevator controller?

Controls the speed of the motor during upward travel only
Energizes the motor for counterclockwise rotation to move the car downward
Applies holding current to the electromagnetic brake
Reverses motor phase sequence to drive the car in the up direction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Reverses motor phase sequence to drive the car in the up direction

The up-direction contactor reverses the phase sequence of the motor supply, causing the motor to rotate in the direction that moves the car upward.

Question 47: Which edition of the ICC/ANSI A117.1 standard governs accessible elevator cab dimensions used in ADA compliance?

The edition in force at original construction
Always the 2017 edition
The edition adopted by the local jurisdiction (Correct answer)
Always the 2009 edition

Correct answer: The edition adopted by the local jurisdiction

Accessibility requirements default to the ICC/ANSI A117.1 edition adopted by the local jurisdiction, which varies by state and municipality.

Question 48: Which ASME A17.1 rule requires that elevator car and hoistway doors have a maximum kinetic energy limit during closing?

Rule 2.12.5
Rule 2.13.6 (Correct answer)
Rule 2.11.3
Rule 2.14.4

Correct answer: Rule 2.13.6

ASME A17.1 Rule 2.13.6 limits the kinetic energy of closing doors to 7 foot-pounds (or 2.5 foot-pounds for the last inch of travel) to prevent passenger injury.

Question 49: An elevator repeatedly trips its thermal overload relay. After resetting, the problem recurs within minutes. The BEST next step is to:

Replace the overload relay with a higher-rated unit
Increase the relay's trip delay time
Bypass the overload temporarily to allow service
Check motor current draw and compare to nameplate amperage (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Check motor current draw and compare to nameplate amperage

Recurring thermal overloads indicate excessive current draw; measuring actual motor amperage versus nameplate rating identifies the root cause.

Question 50: What minimum temperature must be maintained in an elevator machine room to protect electrical and mechanical components?

50°F (10°C) (Correct answer)
60°F (15°C)
40°F (4°C)
32°F (0°C)

Correct answer: 50°F (10°C)

ASME A17.1 requires machine room temperatures to be maintained above 50°F (10°C) to protect lubricants, electrical components, and control systems.

Question 51: What type of wire rope construction is most commonly used for elevator hoist ropes?

1×7 strand
6×7 fiber core
4×31 Warrington
8×19 Seale, independent wire rope core (IWRC) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 8×19 Seale, independent wire rope core (IWRC)

8×19 Seale construction with IWRC is the most common elevator hoist rope, offering a good balance of flexibility, strength, and fatigue resistance.

Question 52: Per NEC 620.51, the main line disconnecting means for elevator equipment must be located:

In the machine room or machinery space, accessible only to qualified personnel (Correct answer)
Inside the elevator car so occupants can shut off power in emergencies
In the pit to allow technicians to de-energize before pit entry
At the building main service panel only, centralized for fire department access

Correct answer: In the machine room or machinery space, accessible only to qualified personnel

NEC 620.51 requires the main disconnecting means to be in the machine room or machinery space so that only qualified elevator technicians can de-energize the equipment.

Question 53: What is 'regenerative braking' in an elevator VFD system?

Using motor friction to stop the car
Bypassing the drive to use line power during descent
Applying the mechanical brake to slow the motor
Converting kinetic energy back to electrical energy during deceleration or descent of a loaded car (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Converting kinetic energy back to electrical energy during deceleration or descent of a loaded car

Regenerative braking converts the motor's kinetic or gravitational energy back into electricity that is fed back to the power grid or a resistor bank.

Question 54: In a high-rise building, elevator machine rooms are often pressurized during a fire event. What is the primary reason for this?

To increase elevator speed for faster firefighter deployment
To cool elevator motors during extended fire service operation
To maintain hydraulic fluid temperature
To prevent smoke infiltration into the machine room and hoistway (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To prevent smoke infiltration into the machine room and hoistway

Pressurizing machine rooms and hoistways prevents smoke from migrating into these spaces, protecting equipment and maintaining safe elevator operation.

Question 55: Which of the following BEST describes the function of a bi-parting center-opening door system?

One panel opens while the other remains stationary
The doors open vertically rather than horizontally
Each door panel moves in opposite directions away from center (Correct answer)
Both door panels move toward the same side wall

Correct answer: Each door panel moves in opposite directions away from center

In a bi-parting center-opening door system, two panels simultaneously move away from each other toward opposite sides of the opening.

Question 56: During a mainline disconnect test, the elevator fails to stop within the required distance. Which device is MOST directly responsible for this function?

The final limit switch
The electromagnetic brake (Correct answer)
The governor
The phase reversal relay

Correct answer: The electromagnetic brake

When the mainline disconnect cuts power, the electromagnetic brake must apply and stop the car; failure to stop correctly indicates a brake adjustment or mechanical problem.

Question 57: Which component converts AC to DC for elevator control circuits?

Capacitor
Resistor
Rectifier (Correct answer)
Transformer

Correct answer: Rectifier

Rectifiers are used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) for elevator control components.

Question 58: Which NFPA standard governs fire safety requirements for escalators and moving walks in buildings?

NFPA 70
NFPA 72
NFPA 101 (Correct answer)
NFPA 13

Correct answer: NFPA 101

NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code) addresses escalator use as a means of egress and includes fire safety requirements for escalator openings between floors.

Question 59: Under ASME A17.1, the car safety device on a traction elevator is required to stop and hold the car when the governor trips at what condition?

Only when the car is ascending
Only when the car is descending (Correct answer)
Only when the car is loaded above rated capacity
In both ascending and descending directions

Correct answer: Only when the car is descending

Traditional Type B safeties on traction elevators are designed to activate during descending overspeed; ascending car protection requires separate devices under newer code editions.

Question 60: Under ADA and ASME A17.1, the door dwell time (time doors remain fully open at a landing) must be a minimum of how many seconds for an accessible elevator?

10 seconds
3 seconds (Correct answer)
2 seconds
5 seconds

Correct answer: 3 seconds

ADA Section 407.3.4 requires doors to remain fully open for a minimum of 3 seconds to allow wheelchair users sufficient time to enter or exit.

Question 61: On a roped hydraulic elevator, which overspeed protection device is typically required?

A governor and safeties in addition to the rupture valve (Correct answer)
An oil pressure relief valve only
A speed limiter switch only
Only the rupture valve

Correct answer: A governor and safeties in addition to the rupture valve

Roped hydraulic elevators require both a governor/safety system for the ropes and a rupture valve for the hydraulic circuit.

Question 62: What effect does increasing the arc of contact (rope wrap angle) on the drive sheave have on traction?

Increases sheave wear only
Decreases traction by reducing rope contact time
Has no effect on traction
Increases traction by allowing more friction area (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Increases traction by allowing more friction area

A greater wrap angle increases the arc over which friction acts, exponentially increasing the maximum traction capacity per the Euler equation.

Question 63: What is the primary disadvantage of a geared traction machine compared to a gearless machine?

Energy losses and noise from the gearbox, plus oil maintenance requirements (Correct answer)
Higher rated load capacity
Inability to control speed
Lower motor power available

Correct answer: Energy losses and noise from the gearbox, plus oil maintenance requirements

Geared machines have inherent gearbox inefficiencies, require oil changes, and produce more noise than direct-drive gearless machines.

Question 64: What is the significance of the 'T1/T2 ratio' in traction elevator design?

It specifies the ratio of up-travel to down-travel speed
It describes the car-to-counterweight weight ratio
It defines motor torque to brake torque ratio
It is the ratio of rope tension on the load side to the slack side, determining traction capacity (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It is the ratio of rope tension on the load side to the slack side, determining traction capacity

The T1/T2 ratio compares the heavy (load) side tension to the light (counterweight) side tension and must not exceed the traction capacity of the sheave-rope system.

Question 65: During rope installation on a traction elevator, why must ropes be uncoiled rather than pulled off the reel over the end?

To prevent rust formation on outer wires
To maintain the factory lubrication coating
To allow visual inspection of each strand
To avoid introducing twist and kinks into the rope (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To avoid introducing twist and kinks into the rope

Pulling rope off the end of a reel induces twist that permanently damages the wire rope lay and reduces its load capacity.

Question 66: Which NEC article specifically governs electrical wiring and equipment for elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, and moving walks?

NEC Article 517 — Health Care Facilities
NEC Article 430 — Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
NEC Article 620 — Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Platform Lifts, and Stairway Lifts (Correct answer)
NEC Article 480 — Storage Batteries

Correct answer: NEC Article 620 — Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Platform Lifts, and Stairway Lifts

NEC Article 620 is the dedicated article covering all electrical requirements for vertical and horizontal transportation equipment including elevators, escalators, and moving walks.

Question 67: Which ASME A17.1 requirement most directly supports the ADA mandate for accurate elevator car leveling at landings?

Rule 2.16 — automatic leveling devices must level the car within 1/2 inch under all load conditions (Correct answer)
Rule 2.18 — buffers must absorb energy without exceeding rated load
Rule 2.20 — safeties must engage when overspeed is detected
Rule 2.12 — door interlocks must prevent operation when misaligned

Correct answer: Rule 2.16 — automatic leveling devices must level the car within 1/2 inch under all load conditions

ASME A17.1 Rule 2.16 requires automatic leveling devices to maintain the car floor within 1/2 inch of each landing under varying load conditions, directly supporting ADA accessibility.

Question 68: A traction elevator's guide rails show excessive rust pitting. What is the PRIMARY concern with this condition?

Lubricant contamination of the pit
Impaired safety engagement and car ride quality (Correct answer)
Electrical grounding issues
Increased guide shoe wear

Correct answer: Impaired safety engagement and car ride quality

Pitted rails can prevent the safety device from gripping uniformly, compromising emergency stopping performance and causing rough car movement.

Question 69: What is the significance of the 'unswitched' (always-hot) conductor requirement for elevator machine room lighting per NEC Article 620?

Lighting must be on a 20A dedicated circuit only
Lighting must remain on even when the main line disconnect is opened (Correct answer)
Lighting must use LED fixtures exclusively
Lighting must be switched from inside the machine room door

Correct answer: Lighting must remain on even when the main line disconnect is opened

NEC 620.23 requires machine room lighting to be on a circuit that remains energized even when the elevator main line disconnect is open, ensuring technicians have light while working on de-energized equipment.

Question 70: Which component in a hydraulic power unit prevents the pump from operating against a closed system when the car reaches the top landing?

The up-limit switch that de-energizes the pump motor (Correct answer)
The check valve
The relief valve
The lowering valve solenoid

Correct answer: The up-limit switch that de-energizes the pump motor

The up-limit switch de-energizes the pump motor when the car reaches the top terminal, preventing the relief valve from having to handle continuous full-pressure bypass.

Question 71: Per NEC 620.24, the elevator pit lighting circuit must be:

Supplied from the same branch circuit as the car lighting
A 277V circuit shared with the machine room lighting to reduce wiring costs
A separate lighting circuit with a disconnect means accessible at the pit entrance (Correct answer)
A battery-backed emergency circuit providing only 90 minutes of illumination

Correct answer: A separate lighting circuit with a disconnect means accessible at the pit entrance

The pit must have a dedicated lighting circuit with a disconnect accessible at the pit entrance so technicians can control pit lighting before entry, ensuring they can see safely without depending on others.

Question 72: How does risk management apply to daily practice in Hydraulic Elevator Systems for Certified Elevator Technician professionals?

Through proactive identification of potential hazards and implementation of preventive measures (Correct answer)
Through annual safety audits exclusively
By avoiding high-risk situations entirely
Only through responding to incidents after they occur

Correct answer: Through proactive identification of potential hazards and implementation of preventive measures

Effective risk management in Hydraulic Elevator Systems requires proactive hazard identification and preventive measures, not just reactive responses. This approach reduces incidents, improves outcomes, and protects both professionals and clients.

Question 73: The traveling cable loop in the hoistway must be arranged so that when the car is at the lowest landing:

The cable attaches directly to the pit floor for additional support
The loop rests on the pit floor to provide maximum slack for movement
The loop is kept taut with no excess cable to prevent sway
The loop bottom clears the pit floor and all other obstructions in the pit (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The loop bottom clears the pit floor and all other obstructions in the pit

The cable loop must never contact the pit floor or any other obstruction to prevent abrasion, pinching, and damage that would create electrical hazards and operational failures.

Question 74: What does the term 'car sill gap' refer to in elevator inspection?

The horizontal gap between the car sill and landing sill (Correct answer)
The space between guide rail brackets
The vertical gap between the car floor and hoistway wall
The clearance above the car top

Correct answer: The horizontal gap between the car sill and landing sill

The car sill gap is the horizontal space between the car sill and the hoistway landing sill, which must not exceed code limits to prevent entrapment.

Question 75: Under ADA accessibility standards, what is the maximum slope allowed at an elevator landing approach area?

1:12 (8.33%)
1:48 (2.08%) (Correct answer)
1:50 (2%)
1:20 (5%)

Correct answer: 1:48 (2.08%)

ADA limits the slope of elevator landing approach areas to 1:48 (2.08%) in any direction to ensure stable wheelchair positioning.

Question 76: The ASME A17.1 code requires that a pit ladder be provided when the pit depth exceeds what measurement?

24 inches
36 inches
48 inches (Correct answer)
60 inches

Correct answer: 48 inches

ASME A17.1 requires a fixed ladder in the pit when pit depth exceeds 35 inches (approximately 36 inches is the threshold that triggers the requirement at 35+ inches).

Question 77: What is the function of the electromagnetic brake on a traction elevator machine?

Limits counterweight rebound at the buffer
Controls rope tension during acceleration
Holds the drive sheave stationary when the motor is de-energized to prevent car drift (Correct answer)
Adjusts the governor trip speed

Correct answer: Holds the drive sheave stationary when the motor is de-energized to prevent car drift

The electrically released brake grips the brake drum or disk whenever the motor is not powered, preventing the car from moving under gravity.

Question 78: ASME A17.3 is the safety code that applies specifically to which category of elevators?

Private residence elevators
Existing elevators (Correct answer)
New elevator installations
Hydraulic elevators only

Correct answer: Existing elevators

ASME A17.3 is the Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators, covering units already in service rather than new installations.

Question 79: When inspecting a governor, a technician notices the rope has a reduction in diameter of more than 10% from nominal. The correct action is to:

Continue operation and re-inspect in 30 days
Adjust the governor jaws to compensate
Lubricate the rope and re-measure
Tag the elevator out of service and replace the rope immediately (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Tag the elevator out of service and replace the rope immediately

A diameter reduction greater than the allowable limit indicates significant wire loss and requires immediate rope replacement before returning to service.

Question 80: How does counterweight percentage of balance affect traction elevator energy consumption?

Counterweight balance has no effect on energy consumption
A heavier counterweight always saves energy going up
A counterweight balanced at 40–50% of rated load minimizes energy use by offsetting load in both directions (Correct answer)
Higher counterweight balance always reduces energy use regardless of traffic

Correct answer: A counterweight balanced at 40–50% of rated load minimizes energy use by offsetting load in both directions

Balancing at 40–50% of rated capacity means the motor does minimal work for light up-trips and light down-trips, optimizing energy across typical traffic patterns.

Question 81: On a dual-overspeed governor, the first tripping speed typically activates the:

Buffer engagement
Safety device on the car
Brake on the machine
Emergency stop switch (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Emergency stop switch

The first (lower) tripping speed on a dual-overspeed governor activates the emergency stop switch to cut power and apply the brake.

Question 82: What is meant by 'contract speed' of a traction elevator?

The inspection speed used during annual testing
The speed at which the governor trips
The rated speed at which the elevator is designed and certified to operate under full load (Correct answer)
The maximum instantaneous speed ever recorded

Correct answer: The rated speed at which the elevator is designed and certified to operate under full load

Contract speed is the rated speed specified in the elevator contract and approved by the authority having jurisdiction, used for all safety device settings.

Question 83: Per NEC 250.119, which color identifies the equipment grounding conductor in elevator wiring?

Orange, reserved for ungrounded conductors in high-leg delta systems
Green, green with yellow stripe, or bare copper (Correct answer)
Blue, used universally for grounding in three-phase systems
White or gray, consistent with neutral conductor identification

Correct answer: Green, green with yellow stripe, or bare copper

NEC 250.119 requires equipment grounding conductors to be green, green with yellow stripes, or bare copper — this standard applies uniformly across all NEC applications including elevators.

Question 84: During installation of wire hoist ropes, why is equalizing the tension among all ropes critical?

To reduce controller board heat dissipation
To ensure each rope carries its proportional share of the load and prevents premature wear or breakage of individual ropes (Correct answer)
To synchronize door open timing
To balance the motor phase currents

Correct answer: To ensure each rope carries its proportional share of the load and prevents premature wear or breakage of individual ropes

Unequal rope tension causes overloaded ropes to wear and fatigue faster, reducing system safety factor; equalization distributes load evenly across all ropes.

Question 85: Why are stranded conductors preferred over solid conductors in elevator installations?

Stranded conductors have significantly lower electrical resistance per foot
Stranded conductors are simpler to terminate at control panel lug connections
Stranded conductors withstand repeated flexing and vibration without fatigue cracking (Correct answer)
Stranded conductors have higher current-carrying capacity for the same AWG size

Correct answer: Stranded conductors withstand repeated flexing and vibration without fatigue cracking

Stranded conductors consist of multiple small wires that distribute bending stress, allowing them to withstand the constant vibration and movement in elevator environments without the fatigue cracking that would quickly destroy solid conductors.

Question 86: What is the PRIMARY purpose of continuing education requirements in Modernization & Upgrades for CET professionals?

Maintaining current knowledge and competency as the field evolves (Correct answer)
Networking with other professionals in the field
Fulfilling mandatory regulatory requirements only
Earning additional credentials for career advancement

Correct answer: Maintaining current knowledge and competency as the field evolves

Continuing education in Modernization & Upgrades ensures professionals maintain current knowledge and skills as standards, technologies, and best practices evolve in the Certified Elevator Technician field.

Question 87: What is the purpose of a limit switch in elevator systems?

Signal for door closing
Control car lighting
Measure speed
Prevent over-travel of the elevator car (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Prevent over-travel of the elevator car

Limit switches prevent the elevator from moving beyond safe boundaries by cutting off power when limits are reached.

Question 88: Which code defines fire-resistive construction requirements for elevator hoistways in the US that complement ASME A17.1 elevator fire service requirements?

IBC (International Building Code) (Correct answer)
NFPA 13
NFPA 101
NFPA 72

Correct answer: IBC (International Building Code)

The International Building Code (IBC) specifies fire-resistive construction ratings for hoistway enclosures, which work in tandem with ASME A17.1 operational requirements.

Question 89: What is the primary function of a phase-loss relay in a three-phase elevator motor circuit?

Provide overcurrent protection for the motor
Balance the load across all three phases
Disconnect the motor if one phase is lost (Correct answer)
Regulate motor speed during acceleration

Correct answer: Disconnect the motor if one phase is lost

A phase-loss relay monitors all three phases and disconnects the motor if any single phase is lost, preventing single-phasing damage.

Question 90: In a machine room, what is the purpose of the 'selector' or 'dispatching system'?

Tracks car position and manages hall and car calls (Correct answer)
Chooses which motor winding to energize
Selects the appropriate brake type for the load
Selects the oil type for the hydraulic system

Correct answer: Tracks car position and manages hall and car calls

The selector is a position-tracking and dispatching system that monitors car location and manages the queue of hall and car calls for efficient service.

Question 91: A door operator motor that runs continuously but the door does not move is MOST likely caused by:

An open interlock circuit
A faulty controller relay
A failed door contact
A broken drive belt or chain (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A broken drive belt or chain

If the motor runs but the door doesn't move, the mechanical link between the motor and door panel — such as a belt or chain — is likely broken.

Question 92: What is the function of a 'door reversal device' in the elevator door control circuit?

Powers the door operator from an alternate source if the main supply fails
Detects an obstruction and signals the door operator to reverse from closing to opening (Correct answer)
Acts as a mechanical stop at the fully open position
Reverses the door motor winding connections to enable reopening

Correct answer: Detects an obstruction and signals the door operator to reverse from closing to opening

The door reversal device (such as a safety edge, light curtain, or pressure sensor) detects an obstruction and immediately commands the door operator to reverse direction and reopen.

Question 93: Why is correct alignment of elevator rails critical?

To ensure smooth and safe travel (Correct answer)
To reduce wiring cost
To meet design aesthetics
To balance counterweights

Correct answer: To ensure smooth and safe travel

Proper alignment ensures smooth operation and prevents vibration or derailment of the elevator car.

Question 94: When replacing conductors in an existing elevator installation, the new conductors must:

Be installed using the original wiring methods even if those methods are now outdated
Meet or exceed current applicable code requirements regardless of the original installation date (Correct answer)
Be the same insulation color as the original wiring being replaced
Match the original manufacturer's wire type and part number exactly

Correct answer: Meet or exceed current applicable code requirements regardless of the original installation date

Replacement conductors must comply with current code requirements; the original installation date does not allow grandfathering of substandard replacement materials or methods.

Question 95: Per NEC 620.22, elevator car lighting circuits must not exceed which voltage rating?

277V consistent with commercial branch circuit standards
480V to permit use of standard building fluorescent fixtures
24V for low-voltage safety compliance
120V to protect car occupants from high-voltage hazards (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 120V to protect car occupants from high-voltage hazards

NEC 620.22 limits elevator car lighting to 120V maximum because the car is an occupied space, and lower voltage reduces shock hazard risk to passengers and technicians.

Question 96: In Traction Elevator Mechanics, what is the FIRST step a CET professional should take when encountering a new case or situation?

Implement an immediate solution based on past experience
Consult with a supervisor before taking any action
Conduct a comprehensive assessment and gather all relevant information (Correct answer)
Document the situation and wait for further instructions

Correct answer: Conduct a comprehensive assessment and gather all relevant information

In Traction Elevator Mechanics, a thorough initial assessment ensures all relevant factors are identified before deciding on an appropriate course of action. This systematic approach is fundamental to Certified Elevator Technician practice.

Question 97: A building has 20 floors with the main lobby at floor 1. A smoke detector activates on floor 7. Under Phase I recall, where do elevators go?

Floor 1 (main designated level) (Correct answer)
Floor 6 (one floor below the fire floor)
The roof level
Floor 7 to assist evacuation

Correct answer: Floor 1 (main designated level)

Phase I recall sends all elevators to the main designated level (floor 1 lobby) regardless of which floor's lobby detector activated.

Question 98: Per ASME A17.1, the minimum conductor size permitted for elevator power circuits is:

18 AWG, the standard minimum for fixture wiring
22 AWG, consistent with low-voltage control circuit minimums
14 AWG, ensuring adequate current capacity and mechanical strength (Correct answer)
10 AWG, providing a conservative safety margin for motor loads

Correct answer: 14 AWG, ensuring adequate current capacity and mechanical strength

ASME A17.1 specifies No. 14 AWG as the minimum conductor size for elevator power circuits, balancing current-carrying capacity with mechanical durability in the hoistway environment.

Question 99: What is the primary purpose of the tension carriage (take-up) on an escalator?

Controls motor speed feedback
Maintains proper step-chain tension to prevent slack and skip (Correct answer)
Stores excess step chain during maintenance
Adjusts handrail tension

Correct answer: Maintains proper step-chain tension to prevent slack and skip

The tension carriage applies a constant load to the return-run step chain to maintain proper tension, preventing sagging, skipping, or derailment.

Question 100: What is the purpose of the escalator's broken step-chain device?

Prevents reverse operation
Stops the escalator if the step chain breaks or elongates excessively (Correct answer)
Detects handrail speed deviation
Stops the escalator when a step rises above flush

Correct answer: Stops the escalator if the step chain breaks or elongates excessively

A broken step-chain device monitors chain tension and triggers an emergency stop if the chain breaks or stretches beyond safe limits.

Certified Elevator Technician (CET)

The NAEC CET certification validates advanced knowledge and skill in elevator installation, maintenance, repair, and safety compliance. It is the professional benchmark for elevator technicians, covering electrical systems, mechanical systems, safety codes, and troubleshooting.

100

Questions

180 min

Time Limit

70%

To Pass

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