CET CET Cardiac Pathology & Disease Recognition

Question 1

Which echocardiographic finding is most characteristic of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?

Accepted Answer

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve

Answer

Dilated left ventricle with reduced ejection fraction

Answer

Pericardial effusion with right ventricular collapse

Answer

Flail mitral valve leaflet with severe regurgitation

Question 2

On echocardiography, which pattern of ventricular filling is most consistent with constrictive pericarditis?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory variation in mitral inflow velocities >25%

Answer

Decreased E/A ratio with prolonged deceleration time

Answer

Elevated E/e' ratio with reduced tissue Doppler velocities

Answer

Reduced peak E velocity with normal deceleration time

Question 3

Which echocardiographic feature best distinguishes cardiac tamponade from constrictive pericarditis?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricular diastolic collapse in tamponade

Answer

Presence of pericardial effusion only in tamponade

Answer

Septal bounce present only in constriction

Answer

Elevated right atrial pressure in both conditions

Question 4

A patient with rheumatic heart disease most commonly shows which mitral valve echocardiographic pattern?

Accepted Answer

Thickened leaflets with diastolic doming and commissural fusion

Answer

Mitral valve prolapse with posterior leaflet displacement

Answer

Flail anterior leaflet with ruptured chordae tendineae

Answer

Calcified mitral annulus with normal leaflet mobility

Question 5

Which echocardiographic finding is pathognomonic for Ebstein's anomaly?

Accepted Answer

Apical displacement of the tricuspid valve >8mm/m² BSA

Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation with flail posterior leaflet

Answer

Right ventricular hypertrophy with suprasystemic pressures

Answer

Dilated coronary sinus with persistent left SVC

Question 6

In a patient with Marfan syndrome, which echocardiographic measurement is most critical for surgical planning?

Accepted Answer

Aortic root diameter at the sinuses of Valsalva

Answer

Left ventricular ejection fraction

Answer

Mitral valve prolapse degree

Answer

Pulmonary artery systolic pressure