Surgical Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which layer of the abdominal wall is the deepest and must be closed separately during abdominal surgery?

Answer: Transversalis fascia

The transversalis fascia is the deepest layer of the abdominal wall and requires separate closure to prevent hernia formation.

The portal triad in the liver consists of which structures?

Answer: Portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

The portal triad consists of a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct running together within connective tissue.

During a thyroidectomy, which nerve must be identified and preserved to prevent permanent hoarseness?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid, and bilateral injury causes permanent hoarseness or airway obstruction.

The Triangle of Calot is bounded by which structures?

Answer: Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, liver edge

The Triangle of Calot is defined by the cystic duct inferiorly, the common hepatic duct medially, and the liver edge superiorly, and contains the cystic artery.

Which anatomical landmark is used to identify the ureter during pelvic surgery?

Answer: It crosses over the external iliac artery

The ureter crosses over the bifurcation of the common iliac artery (or the external iliac artery) and is identified at this crossing point during pelvic dissection.

The McBurney's point, commonly used in appendectomy, is located where?

Answer: One-third the distance from the right ASIS to the umbilicus

McBurney's point is located one-third of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus, overlying the base of the appendix.