Surgical Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which structure passes through the femoral triangle and is at risk during inguinal hernia repair?

Answer: Femoral nerve

The femoral nerve lies in the femoral triangle lateral to the femoral artery and must be avoided during inguinal hernia repair to prevent motor deficit of the quadriceps.

During a right colectomy, which structure lies in close proximity to the ileocolic vessels and must be identified to avoid injury?

Answer: Right ureter

The right ureter runs retroperitoneally along the psoas muscle near the ileocolic vessels and must be identified before ligation during right colectomy.

The saphenous vein joins which vessel in the femoral triangle?

Answer: Femoral vein

The great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction, which is ligated during vein stripping procedures.

Which fascial layer of the neck must be incised during central venous catheter insertion via the internal jugular approach?

Answer: Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia encloses the sternocleidomastoid muscle and must be penetrated to access the internal jugular vein.

In which anatomical space does a retroperitoneal hematoma develop after injury to the aorta or inferior vena cava?

Answer: Retroperitoneal space posterior to parietal peritoneum

Retroperitoneal hematomas accumulate in the space posterior to the parietal peritoneum, where the aorta, IVC, and their branches reside.

The sphincter of Oddi controls flow at the junction of which structures?

Answer: Common bile duct and pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater

The sphincter of Oddi is a smooth muscle sphincter at the ampulla of Vater controlling the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.