Infection Control and Safety Flashcards

A medical assistant is assisting a provider with the excision of a sebaceous cyst, a procedure with a high potential for splashing of bodily fluids. Which of the following combinations of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is most appropriate according to Standard Precautions?

Answer: Gloves and a face shield

Standard Precautions require the use of PPE based on the risk of exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. Excising a cyst can cause its contents to spray or splash. [25] Therefore, protecting the hands with gloves and the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth with a face shield is the most appropriate combination of PPE for this procedure.

In the chain of infection, performing effective hand hygiene between patient encounters primarily breaks which of the following links?

Answer: Mode of Transmission

The mode of transmission is the method by which a pathogen travels from a reservoir to a susceptible host. [10] Healthcare workers' hands are a common vehicle for this transmission. Effective hand hygiene physically removes or kills pathogens, interrupting their ability to be transferred from one patient or surface to another, thus breaking the chain at the 'Mode of Transmission' link. [3, 6]

Which of the following medical instruments requires high-level disinfection or sterilization before it can be reused on another patient?

Answer: Vaginal speculum

According to the Spaulding classification system, medical devices are categorized based on the risk of infection involved in their use. [26, 27] A vaginal speculum is considered a semi-critical item because it comes into contact with mucous membranes. [7, 14] Semi-critical items require, at a minimum, high-level disinfection to eliminate all microorganisms except for high numbers of bacterial spores. [19] Sterilization is preferred when possible.

A medical assistant accidentally sustains a needlestick from a used syringe. According to OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, what is the IMMEDIATE first step the assistant should take?

Answer: Wash the puncture site thoroughly with soap and water.

The immediate priority after a percutaneous injury is to decontaminate the site to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission. OSHA and the CDC direct individuals to immediately wash the wound with soap and water. [8, 22, 23] Reporting the incident and seeking medical evaluation are critical subsequent steps, but the very first action is to cleanse the area. [12]

The process of using a chemical agent, such as povidone-iodine, to prepare a patient's skin before a venipuncture or minor surgical procedure is known as:

Answer: Antisepsis

Antisepsis is the process of reducing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on living tissue. [4, 9, 11] Chemical agents used for this purpose are called antiseptics. Disinfection refers to eliminating pathogens on inanimate objects, while sterilization is the destruction of all microbial life, including spores. [17]

A medical assistant is cleaning an examination room after a procedure that resulted in several blood-saturated gauze pads. According to OSHA standards, what is the correct method for disposing of this waste?

Answer: Place them in a red biohazard bag.

OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard defines items saturated or dripping with blood as regulated medical waste. [15] This type of waste must be placed in a closable, leak-proof container that is color-coded red or labeled with the universal biohazard symbol to ensure proper handling and disposal. [1, 5, 13, 24] Sharps containers are reserved for items that can pierce skin.