Certified Gastroenterology RN GI Anatomy and Pathophysiology 2

Question 1

Which sphincter must relax to allow gastric contents to pass into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Answer

The pyloric sphincter regulates emptying of gastric chyme into the duodenum.

Question 2

The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of what into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Bile and pancreatic secretions

Answer

The sphincter of Oddi regulates bile and pancreatic juice entering the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater.

Question 3

Which cells of the gastric mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Answer

Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

Question 4

A patient with pernicious anemia most likely has a deficiency of which gastric product?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Answer

Intrinsic factor is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum, and its lack causes pernicious anemia.

Question 5

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

The small intestine, with its villi and microvilli, is the primary site of nutrient absorption.

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