Special Diets and Therapeutic Nutrition Flashcards

Which IDDSI texture level is most appropriate for a patient with moderate dysphagia who cannot manage lumpy foods?

Answer: Minced and Moist (Level 5)

IDDSI Level 5 (Minced and Moist) is designed for patients with moderate dysphagia who can handle small, soft particles but not lumpy or hard textures.

A renal diet for a patient with chronic kidney disease typically restricts which group of nutrients?

Answer: Potassium, phosphorus, and sodium

CKD diets restrict potassium, phosphorus, and sodium because impaired kidneys cannot adequately excrete these minerals, leading to dangerous accumulation.

What is the primary dietary goal for a patient following a cardiac diet after myocardial infarction?

Answer: Reduce saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium to lower cardiovascular risk

Post-MI cardiac diets focus on reducing saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium to decrease LDL cholesterol and blood pressure risk.

Which type of sweetener is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes mellitus who requires calorie restriction?

Answer: Non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame or stevia

Non-nutritive sweeteners like aspartame or stevia provide sweetness without significant caloric or glycemic impact, making them suitable for diabetes management.

A consistent carbohydrate diet is prescribed primarily to manage which condition?

Answer: Diabetes mellitus

Consistent carbohydrate diets help regulate blood glucose by providing predictable carbohydrate amounts at each meal and snack throughout the day.

What is the caloric density of dietary fat per gram?

Answer: 9 kcal/g

Fat provides 9 kilocalories per gram, more than double the caloric density of carbohydrates or protein, which each provide 4 kcal/g.