Certified Diabetes Educator Test Special Populations Flashcards

Post-bariatric surgery patients with T2D are at highest risk for deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer: Vitamin D, B12, iron, and calcium

Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, significantly impairs absorption of Vitamin D, B12, iron, and calcium, requiring lifelong supplementation.

When educating a patient with both diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on diet, which primary restriction is most emphasized?

Answer: Reducing dietary protein and phosphorus intake

Patients with CKD and diabetes must limit dietary protein to slow disease progression and restrict phosphorus to prevent mineral bone disease.

Which vaccine does the ADA specifically recommend for all adults with diabetes regardless of age?

Answer: Pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23/PCV15 or PCV20)

The ADA recommends pneumococcal vaccination for all adults with diabetes because they face increased risk for severe pneumococcal disease due to immune dysfunction.

In patients with T2D and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which medication class is preferred for cardiorenal benefit?

Answer: SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin)

SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant reductions in heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with T2D and HFrEF.

For a patient with T1D participating in prolonged endurance exercise, which strategy best prevents hypoglycemia?

Answer: Reduce basal insulin and consume carbohydrates before and during exercise

Reducing basal insulin and consuming additional carbohydrates before and during endurance exercise is the recommended strategy to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia in T1D.

Neonates born to mothers with poorly controlled GDM should be screened for hypoglycemia within what timeframe after birth?

Answer: Within 1–2 hours

Neonates of GDM mothers should be screened for hypoglycemia within 1–2 hours of birth because fetal hyperinsulinism persists after the umbilical cord is cut.