CEN Toxicology and Environmental Emergencies 3

Question 1

A hiker presents with core temperature of 28°C, absent shivering, and loss of consciousness. What is the correct classification of this hypothermia?

Accepted Answer

Severe hypothermia

Answer

Severe hypothermia is defined as a core temperature below 30°C and is characterized by absent shivering and impaired consciousness.

Question 2

Which rewarming method is most appropriate for a patient in severe hypothermia (28°C) with cardiac arrest?

Accepted Answer

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Answer

ECMO is the most effective method for severe hypothermia with cardiac arrest as it simultaneously rewarmed the blood and provides circulatory support.

Question 3

A patient presents with heat stroke (core temp 41.5°C) and altered mental status. Which cooling method achieves the fastest core temperature reduction?

Accepted Answer

Cold water immersion

Answer

Cold water immersion (15–17°C) is the most effective and fastest method of cooling in exertional heat stroke.

Question 4

A patient presents with pain, pallor, and numbness of the fingers after exposure to extreme cold. The fingers are waxy with hard white skin. Which stage of frostbite is this?

Accepted Answer

Deep frostbite (third/fourth degree)

Answer

Hard, white, waxy skin extending below the dermis with numbness indicates deep frostbite involving deep tissues.

Question 5

A scuba diver surfaces too rapidly and presents with joint pain, mottled skin, and shortness of breath 30 minutes after ascent. Which treatment is indicated?

Accepted Answer

100% oxygen and transfer to hyperbaric chamber

Answer

Decompression sickness (the bends) is treated with 100% oxygen to accelerate nitrogen elimination and hyperbaric oxygen recompression therapy.

CEN - Certified Emergency Nurse Practice Test

CEN - Certified Emergency Nurse Practice Test

CEN Toxicology and Environmental Emergencies 3