CEN Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

A 2-year-old presents with sudden onset barky cough, inspiratory stridor, and low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Foreign body aspiration

Answer

Bacterial tracheitis

Question 2

What is the first-line treatment for moderate croup (stridor at rest) in the emergency department?

Accepted Answer

Oral or IM dexamethasone

Answer

Inhaled racemic epinephrine only

Answer

Inhaled budesonide and observation

Answer

Antibiotics and oxygen

Question 3

What is the appropriate defibrillation dose in a pediatric patient in ventricular fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

2 J/kg initial, 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks

Answer

1 J/kg

Answer

4 J/kg for all shocks

Answer

200 J regardless of weight

Question 4

A 3-year-old with febrile seizure is actively seizing for 8 minutes. What is the first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Lorazepam or diazepam IV/rectal

Answer

Phenobarbital 20 mg/kg IV

Answer

Rectal acetaminophen only

Answer

Phenytoin 20 mg/kg IV

Question 5

A 6-week-old infant presents with bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and bloody stools. What is the most urgent concern?

Accepted Answer

Malrotation with midgut volvulus

Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Gastroenteritis

Question 6

Which weight estimation formula is commonly used in pediatric emergencies when a scale is unavailable?

Accepted Answer

Weight (kg) = (age in years + 4) × 2

Answer

Weight (kg) = age (years) + 4

Answer

Weight (kg) = age (years) × 3

Answer

Weight (kg) = age in months / 2