CEFR Written Cohesion and Coherence 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following best describes 'substitution' as a cohesive device?
- Using a pronoun in place of a noun
- Replacing a word or clause with 'one,' 'ones,' 'do,' or 'so' (Correct answer)
- Omitting words that can be inferred from context
- Using a synonym to avoid repetition
Correct answer: Replacing a word or clause with 'one,' 'ones,' 'do,' or 'so'
Substitution replaces an element with a pro-form such as 'one,' 'do so,' or 'so' rather than a pronoun or synonym.
Question 2: A text lacks coherence when:
- It uses a variety of sentence structures
- Ideas do not follow a logical sequence and connections are unclear (Correct answer)
- It employs both formal and semiformal vocabulary
- Paragraphs are of varying lengths
Correct answer: Ideas do not follow a logical sequence and connections are unclear
Incoherence occurs when the logical flow between ideas breaks down, making the text difficult to follow.
Question 3: Which sentence pair uses additive cohesion appropriately?
- The economy grew. However, unemployment rose.
- She loves hiking. In addition, she enjoys rock climbing. (Correct answer)
- He failed the test. As a result, he studied more.
- It was raining. Meanwhile, the sun shone brightly.
Correct answer: She loves hiking. In addition, she enjoys rock climbing.
'In addition' signals additive cohesion, linking two related positive interests without implying contrast or cause.
Question 4: In academic writing at CEFR B2 level and above, which approach to paragraph organization is most effective?
- Stream of consciousness with ideas presented as they come to mind
- Point-Evidence-Explanation structure ensuring each claim is supported (Correct answer)
- Starting every paragraph with a personal anecdote
- Listing all points without elaboration for conciseness
Correct answer: Point-Evidence-Explanation structure ensuring each claim is supported
The Point-Evidence-Explanation (PEE) model ensures claims are substantiated and logically developed, demonstrating B2+ coherence.
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT a feature of a coherent text?
- A clear central theme throughout
- Logical sequencing of ideas
- Abrupt topic shifts without transitions (Correct answer)
- Consistent point of view
Correct answer: Abrupt topic shifts without transitions
Abrupt topic shifts without transitions disrupt the reader's ability to follow the text's logic, undermining coherence.
Question 6: How does given-new structure contribute to written coherence?
- By always placing new information at the beginning of sentences
- By introducing known information first and then adding new information (Correct answer)
- By mixing known and new information randomly
- By reserving all new information for the final paragraph
Correct answer: By introducing known information first and then adding new information
Given-new structure anchors readers in familiar information before introducing new ideas, creating a smooth cognitive flow.
Question 7: Which transition best expresses concession in academic writing?
- Therefore
- In contrast
- Admittedly (Correct answer)
- Subsequently
Correct answer: Admittedly
'Admittedly' concedes a point while preparing the reader for a counter-argument, a key cohesive move in academic discourse.
CEFR Written Cohesion and Coherence 3
Which of the following best describes 'substitution' as a cohesive device?