Trade Documentation & Payment Methods Flashcards

What is a Commercial Invoice used for in exports?

Answer: Billing document specifying goods and price

A Commercial Invoice serves as the primary billing document in international trade, issued by the seller to the buyer. It provides a detailed record of the goods being sold, including their description, quantity, unit price, total value, and terms of sale. This document is essential for customs clearance, payment processing, and for customs authorities to assess duties and taxes.

Which document is required for customs clearance?

Answer: Bill of Lading and Commercial Invoice

For customs clearance, the Bill of Lading and Commercial Invoice are fundamental documents. The Bill of Lading acts as a contract of carriage, a receipt for goods, and a document of title, detailing the shipment's journey. The Commercial Invoice provides a comprehensive record of the transaction, including goods description, value, and terms of sale, which customs officials use to assess duties and ensure compliance with import regulations.

What payment method guarantees payment to exporters?

Answer: Letter of Credit (LC)

A Letter of Credit (LC) offers the highest level of payment security for exporters because it is a commitment from a bank (the issuing bank) to pay the exporter a specified amount. This payment is guaranteed once the exporter presents documents proving that the goods have been shipped according to the agreed terms. It significantly reduces the risk of non-payment for the seller, as the bank's creditworthiness backs the transaction.

Which document lists the contents of a shipment?

Answer: Packing List

The Packing List is a crucial shipping document that provides a detailed inventory of all items within a shipment, including their quantity, weight, dimensions, and how they are packaged. It helps shippers, carriers, and customs officials verify the contents of packages without opening them. This document is essential for logistics planning, customs inspections, and for the buyer to verify the receipt of goods.

What does the Certificate of Origin declare?

Answer: Country of manufacture

A Certificate of Origin (COO) is an international trade document that certifies the country where goods were manufactured, produced, or processed. This declaration is vital for determining tariffs, trade agreements, and import quotas that may apply to the shipment. It ensures compliance with trade regulations and can qualify goods for preferential duty treatment under various free trade agreements.

What method involves payment after goods are delivered?

Answer: Open account

An open account payment method means the goods are shipped and delivered to the buyer before payment is due, typically within 30, 60, or 90 days. While it is the most convenient for the buyer, it represents the highest risk for the exporter, as payment is not guaranteed until after the goods are received. This method is usually reserved for trusted, long-term trading partners with established relationships.

Which document is often required for insurance claims?

Answer: Insurance Certificate

The Insurance Certificate is a vital document that provides proof of insurance coverage for a specific shipment. In the event of loss or damage to the cargo, this certificate is required to file a claim with the insurance provider. It outlines the terms, conditions, and coverage limits, enabling the exporter or importer to seek compensation for covered risks and recover financial losses.

What is 'cash in advance' in international trade?

Answer: Payment before shipment

'Cash in advance' in international trade means the buyer pays the exporter for the goods before they are shipped or even produced. This method offers the highest security for the exporter, as they receive payment upfront, eliminating the risk of non-payment. However, it is the least attractive option for the buyer, as they bear all the risk until the goods are received and verified.

Which party issues a Letter of Credit?

Answer: Buyer's bank

A Letter of Credit (LC) is issued by the buyer's bank, acting on behalf of the buyer, to the seller. The bank commits to paying the seller once the seller provides proof that they have fulfilled their obligations, typically by presenting specific shipping documents. This involvement of a reputable bank provides a strong guarantee of payment to the exporter, mitigating the risk of non-payment.