CDN Renal & Cardiac Nutrition 5

Question 1

A dietitian reviews a cardiac patient's lab results showing homocysteine of 18 µmol/L. Which B-vitamin combination most directly addresses elevated homocysteine?

Accepted Answer

Folate, B6, and B12

Answer

Folate, B6, and B12 are co-factors in homocysteine metabolism; deficiency of any raises homocysteine, increasing cardiovascular risk.

Question 2

A patient with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) asks about diet. Which intervention has the strongest emerging evidence for slowing PKD progression?

Accepted Answer

Calorie restriction or time-restricted eating to reduce mTOR activity

Answer

Emerging research supports caloric restriction and time-restricted eating as strategies to inhibit mTOR signaling, which drives cyst growth in PKD.

Question 3

What is the recommended eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) intake per day for a patient with established coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

1,000 mg/day or more

Answer

AHA recommends at least 1 g/day of EPA+DHA from fish or supplements for patients with documented coronary heart disease.

Question 4

A dialysis patient's nPCR (normalized protein catabolic rate) is 0.7 g/kg/day. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate dietary protein intake

Answer

An nPCR below 1.0-1.2 g/kg/day for dialysis patients indicates inadequate protein intake, putting the patient at risk for protein-energy wasting.

Question 5

Which dietary pattern most effectively reduces LDL cholesterol through a mechanism involving increased bile acid excretion?

Accepted Answer

High soluble fiber diet (oats, barley, psyllium)

Answer

Soluble fiber binds bile acids in the gut, promoting fecal excretion and forcing the liver to convert more cholesterol to bile acids, lowering serum LDL.

(CDN) Certified Dietician Nutritionist Practice Test

(CDN) Certified Dietician Nutritionist Practice Test

CDN Renal & Cardiac Nutrition 5