CDN Renal & Cardiac Nutrition 3

Question 1

A patient with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis absorbs glucose from dialysate. What nutritional adjustment is necessary?

Accepted Answer

Reduce total caloric intake to account for dialysate glucose absorption

Answer

Peritoneal dialysis patients absorb 300-800 kcal/day from dialysate glucose, requiring downward adjustment of dietary calorie intake.

Question 2

Which omega-3 fatty acid is most effective at reducing serum triglycerides in cardiac patients?

Accepted Answer

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)

Answer

EPA and DHA, particularly EPA, are the most potent omega-3s for triglyceride reduction, with ALA having minimal direct effect.

Question 3

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis. What dietary intervention helps buffer acid load?

Accepted Answer

Increase fruit and vegetable intake (with potassium monitoring)

Answer

Fruits and vegetables provide bicarbonate precursors that buffer metabolic acidosis in CKD, though potassium must be monitored carefully.

Question 4

What is the recommended fluid restriction for a stable hemodialysis patient to limit interdialytic weight gain?

Accepted Answer

Urine output plus 750-1000 mL/day

Answer

Fluid allowance for dialysis patients is typically residual urine output plus 750-1000 mL/day to prevent excessive interdialytic weight gain.

Question 5

Which dietary pattern is most strongly supported by evidence for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet

Answer

The Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil, fish, legumes, and vegetables, has the strongest evidence for reducing recurrent cardiovascular events.

(CDN) Certified Dietician Nutritionist Practice Test