CDN Nutritional Science & Dietetics 4

Question 1

Which phase of digestion is stimulated by the sight and smell of food before eating begins?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Answer

Intestinal phase

Answer

Gastric phase

Answer

Absorptive phase

Question 2

Pellagra is caused by deficiency of which vitamin, and what is its biochemical role?

Accepted Answer

Niacin; component of NAD+ and NADP+ for redox reactions

Answer

Thiamine; cofactor in pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer

Riboflavin; component of FAD and FMN

Answer

Biotin; cofactor for carboxylase enzymes

Question 3

What is the primary site of absorption for fat-soluble vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Jejunum

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Terminal ileum

Answer

Colon

Question 4

A dietitian is counseling an older adult on calcium intake. Which combination of factors most impairs calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

Low gastric acid (achlorhydria) and vitamin D deficiency

Answer

High vitamin D and low phytate intake

Answer

Adequate stomach acid and sufficient vitamin D

Answer

High dairy intake and normal kidney function

Question 5

Which hormone primarily inhibits appetite by signaling satiety to the hypothalamus after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Answer

Ghrelin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Neuropeptide Y

Question 6

In a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which dietary modification is typically required to prevent hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

Restrict dietary potassium to prevent dangerous elevations in serum levels

Answer

Increase potassium-rich foods to support heart function

Answer

Supplement with potassium chloride salt substitutes

Answer

Increase fruits and vegetables without restriction

Question 7

The Maillard reaction in food processing primarily affects which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and carbohydrates, reducing lysine bioavailability

Answer

Fats and water-soluble vitamins

Answer

Minerals and fiber

Answer

Cholesterol and saturated fats